(1) Those in tchieh only one name is given, repre- sented by Baprf/iaios, that is, 'the son of Tima^us ' — a word whose meaning and derivation are both uncertain."
(2) Those in which the name inay he a sur- name. — If Nathanael, mentioned only in the Fourth Gospel,'" is the Bartholomew mentioned only by the Synoptists," then Nathanael bore the surname 'son of Talniai.' Matthias the successor of Judas'* is called by Aphraates 'oVn, and in the Syriac translation of the Church History of Eusebius this is everywhere substituted for Matthias. Nestle therefore suggested that there were two Bartholomews, one known as Nathanael, and the other as Matthias.'* But Burkitt " liolds that the substitution of 'cSin for Matthias 'is no mere palaeographical error, but that the Old Syriac Version of the Acts must have had 'cSin also. This name occurs as GoXo/taios in Jcsephus [Ant. XX. i.), and is, of course, the second part of tiie name Bartliolomew. An obscure name •c'jn does occur in Judges and Samuel, but '□Sin is nothing more than Ptolemy in a Semitic disguise. . . . Why the Old Syriac of Acts should have represented Matthias by this name cannot now be ascertained.' Considerable interest at- taches to the name Bar-Jesus, a name variously spelt in the Western texts. In the Peshitta there is given as an equivalent Noiiria, Barshuma. This is an old family name in Edessa, but its meaning is quite unknown. The magician is also called 'EXi'/uas, 'for so is his name translated.'" Elymas may be a Greek form of allinCi, an Aramaic word meaning ' strong,' or of 'alim, an Arabic word meaning 'wise,''* but it cannot be a translation of Bar-Jesus. Codex D reads, instead of Elymas, 'Eroi/xas, meaning 'son of the ready,' a reading adopted by Ramsay and Blass. Elymas is some-' what akin to 'At4^oi>, the reading of the Ambrosian MS A in a well known passage of Josephus."
(3) The third class carries ns into —
2. Genuine surnames. — Among these are (n) patronymics, as those in wliich there is added to the name another name compounded with nj. Joseph the Cyprian Levite is 6 (ViKXTjfcis BapvA^ai by the apostles, that is, 'son of Nebo.'-° It has been suggested that this surname was given to
I Mil 03. 2Mtio2.
3 I.k iii6, Ac 13 (Jn 14=2, Jude ').
•• Jn 1925. 5 Ac 122.
6 Col 410. 7 lit 27«, Mk 15«- " 161.
8 Jn 11'. 9 Ac 1-212,
10 Ac 114. It is noticeable that neither as a title nor as a surname is the word n-ap^eVos ever applied to her. Another Marv is mentioned in Ro 16".
11 Mk 10« ; UDB i. 248. 12 Jn 1« 212. 13 Mt 1113, Mk318. Lk 614, Ac 113. 14 Ac 123. 26.
15 KxpT ix. [1897-98] 666 ; see also Ramsay, Exp, 6th aer., Ti. 119U2) 291.
16 F. C. Burkitt, The Syriac Forms 0/ XT Proper Xames, London, 1912, p. 23.
17 Ac ISS- 8.
18 See E. Renan, Saint Paul, Eng. tr.. New York, 1869, p. 64.
19 Burkitt, p. 22 ; HDB i. 247« ; Vf. M. Ramsay, St. Pavt the Travi'tlT and tff Roman Citizen, London, 1S9.'>, p. 7:1 ; J. Rendel Harris, Kxp, tuh ser., v. [1902] 192 ; Jos, Ant. w. vii. 2.
20 Ac 4i^i> ; Deissmann, BMe Studies, pp. 187 ff., 307 fl.; ExpTx. U89g-99J 233.
distinguish him from Joseph h KoXoi'/ieKos Bapcra^- /Siis, a name meaning most probably 'Saturday's child.' He had also, according to a common custom, adopted the Boman name of Justus.' He may have been a brother of Judas A KoXoi/jixeeos liapaafipa.!.^ In this connexion the name Maral)- has deserves notice. The Sinaitic (and I'aleslinijin) Syriac version, some good mimiseules, and MSS known to Origen read: 'Whom will ye that I release unto you ? Je.sus Jiarabbas, or Jesus which is called Christ?''
(i) Additional names. — From the want of sur- names arises the difiiculty of identifying diU'erent individuals having the same name, as the various Symeons and Simons mentioned in the NT. ]iv:^^? is translated in the LXX* and the NT by Zvneuf. There was a genuine Greek name closely resem- bling it, ^ifiuy, and this was often substituted for ^vfieav.'' It was one of the comiiioiu^st names among the Jews, twelve being mentioned in the NT. Of these, we know nothing of Symeon of Lk 3'°, of Simon the Ijrothcr of our Lord,* or, except one incident, of Symeim of .Icrusalem,' Simon the Cyrenian,* or Simon the I'harisee." We have already noticed Simon the tanner, and Simon Magus, but by far the most outstanding bearer of the name was the Apostle. His father was called 'Iwi-o! or 'ludi'Tjs."' The former may have been a contraction of the latter, or he may have borne a double name, 'Iwi/aj-'IwdpTjs. The Apostle himself would seem originally to have borne the common Jewish name as transliterated into Greek J.vpi.euv. This is the reading of Ac IS" ; and 2 P 1' opens with the words 2i>/ifw>' nhpos, which is the reading of KAKLP, lipLoiv being found in B'. 'The name of Simon Magus is spelt pc'D (Simon) in Syriac, as distinguished from Simon Peter and Simon the Tanner, who are given the same name as Simeon (pjiDE', Shim' on) the I'atri- arch,'" but owing to Greek influence there is little doubt that 'ZIimuv would be frequently, if not commonly, used. He seems to have been distin- guished from other Simons by the name "Zlixuv 6 viii 'ludyyov,^^ or, more shortlj', Sl/xuiv 'ludcvou." In Mt 16" he is called Si/uwx Bapiwra. This form m,ay be either a contraction of the former or an instance of a double name, the Apostle's father, in accordance with the custom of the time, having added the Greek name 'lui'Ss, as being similar to his own proper name 'I udiTT)!.'* According to the Fourth Gospel, Jesus on His first meeting with Simeon said to him : ' Your name is to be K7;0Ss,' the Evangelist adding S ipfiijueveTai lldrpos."' The Hebrew •■,3, Chald. nd'?, is in (ireek lUrpoi, but neither of these names is borne bj' any other person in the NT save the Apostle. The Syriac 'NBN3 is not a transliteration at all, but the Syriac for "stone": the translator, or possibly Syriac Church custom, recognized that S. Peter's name was Simon Stone, and they called him, where necessary, by this appellative.' " The name Kv^as is not used in the Gospels or the Acts. It is