1 Ac 123 ; HDB i. 247 ; Exp, Cth ser., v. 414, n. 3 ; Burkitt, p. 6.
2 Ac 1622-33 ; NABCDEL read KaJiovfityov. but HP (VinoAov-
3 Mt 27'«-" ; HDB i. 246. This reading, which is supported by V.22, is adopted by R. C. Trench, Studies in the GoHjiettA, London, 1878, p. 306"; E. Renan, Life 0/ Je.nts, En;:, tr.. do.. 1873, p. 279 (who thinks that the correct reading is Bar-Aliba, or Bar-Rabban); and J. Moffatl, The NT: A Xew Tran.ilatiun'-', do., 1914. Note the use made of this by J. M. Robertson, Clirixtianitp and M i/thototjii", do., 1910, p. 367, and the reply of C, Clemen, Primitive Chriittiaiiity and its Non-Jewish Sourees, Eilinburgh, 1912, p. 186, and J. G. Frazcr, GU3, pt. vi., Tht Scapegoat. London, 1913, p. 419.
■> On 293J. 0 Sir 601.
6Mt 13-«, Mk63. ' Lk 225.
8 Mt 2732, Mk l.'i21, Lk 232«. » Lk 736- «.
lo Mt 10", Jn 1« 211i>-". II Burkitt, p. 6.
12 Jn 1-13. 13 Jn 211517. 14 HDB ii. 676.
16 Jn 143(42). 16 Burkitt, p. 5.
538
SUKNAilE
SURNAME
used alone by St. Paul in his First Epistle to tlie Corinthians," and in Galatians.= Hort was of oidnion that Kti-^Ss was a form of Kam^as, but that is not the case." In the list ot the Twelve the Apostle is called ^l/J-oiv o \eydixefoi n^Tpos," MOVKC ('^ofj.a TV 2i/iwvi Uirfov,^ :^l^wm «;, Kal wu6ixa<x€v Uirpo».' We find, then, six distinct appellations — Simon,' Simeon,» himon Barjona,» Peter,"' Simon called Peter," Simon Peter "" (c) Adjectival names.— These may be still further
divided into — j. j t
(1) Those derived from the name of a place.— in the NT seven persons bear the name of 'loiJSas, the Greek equivalent of n^n;. Among these are an ancestor of Jesus,'^ Judas of Damascus,'* Judas or Jude, a brother of Jesus,'" Judas distinguished as 'not Iscariot,"8 probably the same as Judas Ia/cu./3ou," and Judas Barsabbas, who has already been noticed. But of the seven the most notable is Judas the traitor. In regard to his surname, scholars are now practically agreed that the term translated 'Iscariot' is the Greek for nvipc-K.'' The reading diri Kapucirou's clearly indicates a place If a place be meant, what is its correct desioTiation? The MSS oscillate between S/ca- pvue;-" 'luKapiihe,^^ XKapnirris,-^ and 'I<rKapiuT7)S, but the reailing ' Iff/capiiirii! seems clearly prefer- able.-* Kerioth can scarcely be ni-i,-? of M^f^". and is much more likely to be fnsn-p of Judah,- meaning the twin cities or twin fortresses. It is identihed with a place variously spelt Kur- vetein,-'' Kuryezein,^ and Karjetein,^^ 44 miles to the N.W. of Arad. Conder, indeed, found- ino- upon the reading in D of Jn 12*, etc., oTrd Kapuwrov, thinks that the place indicated is Ischar, which (according to the Samaritan Chronicle) was the old name of the present Askar, near Jacob's well, the Sychar of Jn 4^ In that case Judas most probably was a Samaritan. The reference to the Traitor in the lourth GospeP' would indicate that his father bore the surname ' lo-xopiuiTTjs, which he transmitted to his
Another of the disciples of Jesus is designated Sf/iw.- 6 Kai'Oi'aros,'''' or Kavai>lTr,i>,^ and the same person is designated by Luke*" ^l/u^po, rbv KaUi- ixfvow 7.t,\aTi,v and SiMW 0 -(rikwr-ns. Kafai/ajos is the transliteration of the Hebrew Kmi^' ' t^^ Canan.-Ban,' and is to be distinguished from, though it may be connected with, the geographi- cal term ' Canaanite.' In Syriac this surname ' is rendered k'j:?, and so is properly distinguished from the Canaanite woman (Xawmio), who is
1 1 Co 112 322 95 155. 2 Gal 118 but KDEFGKLP read neVpov; 29, biit DEFG read
neVpoj ; 2", but DEFGKL read n«Vpo5 ; 214, but DEFGKLP
'"fEtT..!^ *Mtm 5Mk3.»
6Lk6». 'Mtl725. 8 Ac 15".
9 Mt 1617. 10 Mt 811. 11 Mt 418.
12 Mt 1616 13 Lk 33". 1< Ao 911.
15 Mt 1 355, Mk 63. 16 Ju 1422. 17 Lk 616, Ao l".
18 But see W. B. Smith, in UJ ix. [1911] 531, 892.
19 Jn 671 x» 12J 132. 26 1422, all of D.
20 Mk 30, Lk 616, both in D, and Jn 6'i in BCGL.
21 Mk 30 in BCL, Lk 616 in BL, Mt 104 in C.
22 Mt 101 in D.
-1 Mt 104, etc., also the readings in K* and D noted undEr ^^
24 E. Nestle and F. H. Chase, ExpT ix. 140, 189, 240, 2S5
I'jcr 4821. 4l_ Am 22. 26 Jos 1525 ._ ^J ix. 531.
27 E. Robinson, Biblical Researched in Palestine, 3 vols., London. 1841, ii. 472. . « , -j
28 E. H. Palmer, The. Desert of the Exodus, 2 vols., Cambridge, 1871, map to vol. ii.
29H/)Bii. 836.
SO PEFSt, April 1905, p. 157 ; HDB iv. 635.
31 Jn 671 in NBCOL, 124 A(E)IKM, 132- 26 BLM.
32 Mt 104 BCDL, Mk 318 KABCDL.
83 Mk 318 ArH. 34 Lk 616, Ac l".
Nn'ivi=.' ' The Cananaeans or Zealots were a well- known Jewish sect. 2 . /-, i nr /
The name Mary, in Hebrew on? in Greek Mop(a or Mapla^i, seems to be used in the NT of eight persons.3 Of these Mary the mother of James, isiary of Clopas, 'the other Mary,' are generally admitted to be the same person indicated by diller- eiit designations. Mary the sister of Lazarus, Mary the mother of Mark, Mary saluted by St. Paul Mary the mother of Jesus, have been ah-eady referred to. There remains the eighth, Mary ot Magdala, Uapta t, ilaySa\v-ll. This f the torm found in Mt.,* Uk.,' and Jn.,» while Lk. uses the form Mania t, (caXoi-^i^^'r, MaydaXv^V, and t, Ma7- Sa\r,„-h Mapla.8 M„st probably she got t "S /<"•- name from being a native or resident in Magdala, or Magadan, now Mejdel, a short distance from