Till within a very recent period Antioch was sup- posed to have been situated where the town of Ak- Sheker now stands (Olivier, vi, 390) ; but the research- es of the Rev. F. Arundell, British chaplain at Smyr- na in 1833 {Discoveries, i, 281), confirmed by the still later investigations of Mr. Hamilton, secretary of the Geographical Society {Researches, i, 472), have de- termined its site to be adjoining the town of Yalo- batch: and consequently that Ak-Sheker is the an- cient Philonielion described by Strabo (xii, 8 ; iii, 72, ed. Tauch.): "In Phrygia Paroreia is a moun- tainous ridge stretching from cast to west ; and under this on either side lies a great plain, and cities near it ; to the north Philonielion, and on the other side An- tioch, called Antioch near Pisidia ; the one is situated altogether on the plain ; the other on an eminence, and has a colony of Romans." According to Pliny, Antioch was also called Csesarea (v, 24). Mr. Arun- dell observed the remains of several temples and churches, besides a theatre and a magnificent aque- duct ; of the latter twenty-one arches still remained in a perfect state. Mr. Hamilton copied several inscrip- tions, all, with one exception, in Latin. Of one the only words not entirely effaced were " Antiocheae
Coin of Antioch in Pisidia.
ANTIOCHIA
Coin of Antioch in Pisidia, with the Head of Gordian.
Caesari." (See Arundell's Discoveries in Asia Minor, Lond. 1834, i, 268-312 ; Hamilton's Researches in Asia Minor, Lond. 1842, i, 472-474 ; ii, 413-439 ; Laborde's Asia Minor; Calmet, Plates, vii; Conybeare and Howson, Life and Epistles of St. Paul, ii," 170.)— Kit- to, s. v. See Pisidia.
Antiochi'a, a more exact method of Anglicizing (1 Mace, iv, 35; vi, G3; 2 Mace, iv, 33; v, 21) the name Antioch [»» Syria"] (q. v.).
Antio'chian (^Avtio\i vc), an inhabitant (2 Mace. iv, 9-19) of the city Antioch [in Syria] (q. v.).
Anti'ochis CAvrio\is, fem- of Antiochus), the concubine of Antiochus Epiphanes, who gave her the cities of Tarsus and Mallo, that she might receive their revenues for her own benefit, like the modern "pin- money" (comp. Cicero, Ad Verrem, 5). This was re- garded by the inhabitants as an insupportable mark of contempt, and they took up arms against the king, who was obliged to march in person to reduce them (2 Mace, iv, 30). B.C. 168.
Anti'ochus {'Avrioxog, opponent), the name espe- cially of several of the Syrian kings, whose history, so far as relates to Jewish affairs, is contained particu- larly in the Books of the Maccabees, and is predicted with remarkable minuteness in the 11th chapter of Daniel. The name was first borne bjr one of the gen- erals of Philip, whose son Seleucus', by the help of the first Ptolemy, established himself (B.C. 312) as ruler of Babylon. The year 312 is, in consequence, the era from which, under that monarchy, time was com- puted, as, for instance, in the Books of Maccabees. For eleven years more the contest in Asia continued, while Antigonus (the "one-eyed") was grasping at universal supremacy. At length, in 301, he was de- feated and slain in the decisive battle of Ipsus, in Phrygia. Ptolemy, son of Lagus, had meanwhile be- come master of Southern Syria, and Seleucus was too much indebted to him to be disposed to eject him by force from this possession. In fact, the first three Ptolemies (B.C. 323-222) looked on their extra-Egyp- tian possessions as their sole guarantee for the safety of Egypt itself against their formidable neighbor, and succeeded in keeping the mastery, not only of Pales- tine and Coele-Syria, and of many towns on that coast, but of Gyrene and other parts of Libya, of Cyprus, and other islands, with numerous maritime posts all round Asia Minor. A permanent fleet was probably kept up at Samos (Polyb. v, 35, 11), so that their arms reached to the Hellespont (v, 34, 7) ; and for some time they ruled over Thrace (xviii, 34, 5). Thus Syria was divided between two great powers, the northern half falling to Seleucus and his successors, the southern to the Ptolemies; and this explains the titles "king of the north" and "king of the south," in the lltli chapter of Daniel. The line dividing them was drawn somewhat to the north of Damascus, the capital of Coele-Syria. — Kitto, s. v.
The most compact and unbroken account of the kings of this, the Seleueid or Syrian, dynasty is to be found in Appian's book \l><- Rebus Syriacis"), at the end. A sufficiently detailed statement of the reign of each may be found in Smith's Diet, of Class. Bioij.
270 ANTIOCHUS
s. v. On the dates, see Clinton's Fasti Hellenici, vol. iii, Appendix, ch. iii. The reigns are as follows :
1. Seleucus I, Nicator, B.C. 312-280.
2. Antiochus I, Soter, his son, 280-261. ;:. Antiochus II, Theos, his son, 201-240.
4. Seleucus II, Callinicus, his son, 240-220.
5. (Alexander, or) Seleucus III, Ceraunus, his son, 226-223. 0. Antiochus III, the Great, his brother, 223-187.
7. Seleucus IV, Philopator, his son, 187-176.
8. Antiochus IV, Epiphanes, his brother, 170-104.
9. Antiochus V, Eupator, his son (a minor), 104-102.
10. Demetrius I, Soter, son of Seleucus Philopatar, 102-150.
11. Alexander Balas, a nmrper, who pretended to bo son of Antiochus Epiphanes, and was acknowledged by the Ro- mans, 152-140.