2. The name of several orders. See Anthony, orders OF.
Antoniewicz, Charles Bolaz, a Polish poet and pulpit orator, born at l.emberg, Nov. 6, 1807, died atObra, Nov. 14, 1852. He early distinguished him- self as a 1 t, and look an active part in the Polish
revolution of 1830. After the death of his wife he en- tered, in 1839, the order of Jesuits, and at once ob- tained the reputation of being the most distinguished among the living Polish pulpit orators. His country- men compared him with Lacordaire (q. v.) and Ven- tura (i|. v. ). lie had, in particular, r;reat success as an apostle of temperance. Antoniewicz contributed
many poetical and theological articles to Polish jour- nals, and also published a number of books, as Sonetles (1828), Bielang (1829), Reminiscences ofPolsh Convents, etc. A biographical sketch of Antoniewicz, in Polish ("Reminiscences of the Life and the Writings of Anto- niev;icz"), was published by the priest Ignaz Polkowski (Warsaw, 1861). — Unsere Zeit, viii, 717 sq.
Antoninus, Titus Aurelius Fulvius Bojonius Pius, a Roman emperor, born Sept. 19, A.D. 86, at a villa near Lanuvium (now Civita-Lavinia), and died at Lorium (now Castel di-Guido), March 7, 161. He was first one of the four administrators of Italy, after- ward proconsul of Asia. Adrian having adopted him, he became his successor as Roman emperor, and gov- ernor from 138 to 161. He showed himself in every respect one of the greatest and noblest emperors pa- gan Rome ever had. He was just, mild, liberal, a supporter of science and art, and averse to carrying on war. Under Adrian he saved the lives of many sen- ators whose execution had been ordered, and he pre- vailed on Adrian himself to desist from committing suicide. The Roman empire greatly prospered under his administration, and neighboring nations frequent- ly chose him as an umpire of their feuds. From him are the celebrated sayings : " I prefer saving one cit- izen to slaying a thousand enemies," and "A prince must have no property of his own, but devote every thing to the common weal." He protected the Chris- tians when the pagans ascribed several public calami- tics, as the inundation of the Tiber, the earthquake in Greece, conflagrations, etc., to the wrath of the gods, in consequence of the Christians being tolerated. An- toninus forbade all towns in Greece, and especially Larissa, Thessalonica, and Athens, to persecute the Christians. Eusebius (Hist. Eccles. iv, 13) gives a re- script of this emperor to the assembly of deputies of Asia Minor, ordering even the punishment of such as would accuse Christians; but it is doubtful whether this decree is genuine. — Capitolinus, Vita Antonini; Wenck, Divus Phis, sive ad leges imp. Tit. JEl. Anton. Pii, Commentarii (Lips. 1804-1805); Gautier de Sibert, Vie cTAntonin; Eichstiidt, Exercitaiiones Antoniniance (Jen. 1821 sq.); Hofner, De celicto Ant. pro Chris. (Argent. 1781); Hegelmaier, In edictiim Ant. (Tub. 1776); Wolle, De ctioicai^ovia. Antonini (Lips. 1730); I Keuchen, Anton. P. (Amst. 1667); Meermann, id. (Haag, 1807); Beykert, De edicto Ant. P. (Argent. 1 1781); Smith's Diet, of Class. Biog. s. v.
Antoninus, Marcus Annius Verus Aurelius. See Aurelius.
Antoninus, archbishop of Florence : bis real name was Antonius, but he was called by the diminutive Antoninus on account of his small stature. Born at Florence in 1389, he entered at sixteen years of age the order of St. Dominic, and soon acquired such a rep- utation that, even when yet quite young, he was in- trusted with the government of various houses of his Order, at Cortona, Rome, Naples, Florence, etc., and contributed greatly to its reformation. In 1439 he took part in the Council of Florence. In 1446, Pope Eugenius IV appointed him to the archbishopric of Florence. He died in 1459, and Pius II granted a plenary indulgence of seven years to all persons who kissed his body before it was placed in the tomb ! He was canonized in 1523. His works are: 1. Summa Historiafis, sew, Ckronicon Tripartitum ; from the crea- tion to the year 1459 (Venice, 1481, Basle, 1491, 5 vols, fob, and elsewhere): — 2. Summa Theologies moralis,par- tibus 1 distincta (Venice, 1477, 4 vols. ; a new edition, with very copious notes by Father Mamachi, Venice, 1751, 4 vols. 4to): — 3. Summa Confessionalis (Argent. 1492, Venice, 1572) : — 4. Annotation, s de Donatione Con- stantini J/.: — 5. Trialogns de Disrijndis Eiumaunticis; with his Life : — 6. De Virtutibus liter. His life is given by Echard, De Script. Ord. Preedicat. i, 818, and in the Acta Sanctorum, vol. i. — Cave, Hist. Lit. anno 1444-
ANTONINUS
283
ANTONIUS
Landon, Eccles. Dictionary, s. v. ; Hoefer, Xouv. Biog. Generate, ii, 859.
Antoninus, a martyr, who is said to have suffered either in the fourth or ia the seventh century. He has been commemorated at Pamiers, France, since the eighth century, on the 2d of September. — Landon, Ec- cks. Dictionary, i, 431.
Antoninus, a priest and martyr of Palestine, who is said to have been present at C;«sarea with Zebinus and Germanus, and, together with them, reproached the governor Firmilianus for sacrificing to idols, for which they were put to death. This happened under Galerius Maximianus. They are commemorated as saints in the Roman Church on the 13th of Novem- ber.— Ruinart, p. 327; Landon, Eccles. Dictionary, i, 432.
Antoninus Honoratus, bishop of Constantina or of Cirta, in Africa. He is chiefly known by a let- ter of his (A.D. 437) to a Spanish bishop named Arca- dius, and three others, banished by Genseric, king of the Vandals, because they would not embrace Arian- ism. He exhorts them to suffer patiently for the sake of Jesus Christ. The letter is short, but written in vigorous and even elevated language. It is given in Baronius, .1 nnales, A.D. 437, and in the Bibl. Patrum, viii, 665.— Cave, Hist. Lit. i, 338 ; Dupin, flist. Eccl. Writers, i, 447 ; Hoefer, Biog. Generate., ii, 859.