BULLOCK
Decades, from the edition of 1787, was printed for the Parker Society in 1849 (Camb. 4 vols. 8vo). There is also a reprint of the Sermons on the Sacrament (Camb. 1840, 8vo). See also Bullinger' s Leben u. ausgewahlte Schriflen, nach handschrift. it. gldchzeitigen Quellen von C. Pestalozzi (Elberfeld, 1857, 8vo); Hess, Lehensga- schichte Bulllnger's; Franz, Zi'tge aus dem Leben Bul- linger's (1828) ; Mosheim, Ch. History, iii, 192 ; Burnet, Hist, of Reformation, iii, 302, et al. ; Herzog, Real-Ency- klopiidie, ii, 452.
Bullions, Peter, D.D., a Presbyterian minister and classical scholar, was born at Moss-side, near Perth, Scotland, in December, 1791. He was bred to farm labor, but in 1810 he entered the University of Edin- burgh, supporting himself partly by his previous sav- ings and partly by teaching. In the same way he supported himself during his theological studies under Professor Paxton from 1813 to 1817, when he was li- censed to preach by the Presbytery of Edinburgh, and sailed to America. In 1818 he became pastor of the Presbyterian church at Argyle, N. Y., and in 1824 Professor of Languages at the Albany Academy. He held this place till 1848, when he gave himself wholly to the pastoral charge. His literary activity was chiefly devoted to the preparation of elementary classical works, in which he was eminently successful. In addition, he published a memoir of his relative, Dr. Alexander Bullions, besides contributing to several periodicals. " His pupils, who are widely scattered through the land, bear a grateful testimony to his abil- ity and fidelity. His exact and critical knowledge of the classics made him not only a most competent but most successful teacher. He died February 13, 1864. — Wilson, Presbyterian Almanac, 1865.
Bullock is a frequent translation of the following Heb. words: properly '"IS or IB, par, strictly a steer, often with the addition (in the original) of the qualify- ing clause, "(T2 *3, son of a beeve, rendered "young" in our version ; Tlttj, shor, Chaldee TlPl, tor (Gr. tuvooq), usually rendered "ox;" and MS, e'gel, Jer. xxi, 18 ; xlvi, 21; elsewhere " calf." See Bull. The word "bullock," indeed, seems to be used almost changeable in the Auth. Vers, with the term "ox," to designate a male of the beeve kind ; but the follow- ing distinctions of the Heb. terms may properly be in- dicated. See Cattle.
1. Bakar', ""Ipa, is properly a generic name for horned cattle when of full age and fit for the plough. Accordingly, it is variously rendered "bullock" (Isa. lxiv, 25), " cow" (Ezek. iv, 15), " oxen" (Gen. xii, 16). Hence, in Deut. xxi, 3, the female young (p7XP "ip3) is a heifer; in Exod. xxix, 1, the male young (~~2~"2 IB, or in Gen. xviii, 7, simply 1pa"**3, rendered "calf" in the A. V.) is a young bullock. This word is derived from an unused root, 1j?!3, bakar'-, to cleave, hence to plough, as in Latin armentum is for aramentum.
2. Shor, 1123, differs from the foregoing term in the same way as i"TO; a sheep, from "jitis, a flock of sheep. It is a generic name, but almost always signi- fies one head of horned cattle, without distinction of age or sex. It is very seldom used collectively. The Chaldee form of the word tor, 11 PI, occurs in Ezra vi, 9, 17; vii, 17; Dan. iv, 25, etc. (Plutarch, Sull. c. 17, says Otlip oi 3>oi'i'j*mc rrjv jivvr KoXovffi). It is prob- ably the same word as ravpog, taurus, Germ, stier; Engl, steer. The root in Heb. is not used, but in Ara- bic signifies to paw up the dust, a very natural deriva- tion of the word.
3. F/gel, b"«" (fern, nbs"), a caJf properly of the first year, derived, as Gesenius thinks, from an ./Ethi- opic word signifying embryo, while others derive it
BULRUSH
917
BUNSEN
from blV, aga!', to roll. The (fem.) word is used of a trained heifer (Hos. x, 11), of one giving milk (Isa. vii, 21, 22), of one used in ploughing (Judg. xiv, 18), and of one three years old (Gen. xv, 9 i.
4. Par, *1S, almost synonymous with the last, and signifying generally a young bull of two years old, though in one instance (Judg. vi. 25) possibly a boll of seven years old. It is the customary term for bulls offered in sacrifice, and hence is used metaphorically in Hos. xiv, 3, uso will we render, 'as bullocks,' our lips."— Smith, s. v. See Ox.
Bulrush is used synonymously with " Rush" in the A. V. as the rendering of two Heb. words. See Reed.
1. Agmon ', "|TC-"X, in Isa. ix, 13; xix, 15, in the proverbial expression " branch and rush," equivalent to high and low alike (the Sept. has fikyav Kai fiiicpov in one passage, ap\i)v Kut ri-'/oc in the other), and in Isa. lviii, 6, the Heb. term is rendered " bulrush." The word is derived from CSX, again' , a marsh, be- cause the bulrush grows in marshy ground. The bul- rush was platted into ropes (A. V. " hook"), as appears from Job xli, 2 (see Bochart, Hit roz. ii, 772 ; comp. Plin. Xat. Hist, xix, 2). The Sept. has epi'icoc in the latt?r passages. Sec Rush.
2. Gome , X*2'< (from X~.', to drink up, referring to the porous nature of the plant, as absorbing moisture : hence the Latin name biblus; comp. "bibula papyrus" in Lucan, iv, 136), occurs Exod. ii, 3 (where Sept. omits); Isa. xviii, 2 (Sept. /8«'/3aoc); xxxv, 7 (Sept. i'Aoc) ; Job viii, 11 (Sept. ir&Trvpoc;) ; in the first two of which passages it is translated in our version by " bulrush," and in the last two by "rush," and is un- doubtedly the Egyptian papyrus (papyrus NUoticd), so famous in the history of writing, and from which the word paper is derived. It is the Cyperus p pyrus of modern botany. It was anciently very abundant in Egypt, but is now very scarce there. It is found in great abundance, however, in Syria and Abyssinia. The Egyptians used this plant for garments, shoes, baskets, various kinds of utensils, and especially for boats. It was the material of the ark (q. v.) in which Moses was exposed, and of it the vessels mentioned in Isa. xviii, 2 were formed. This practice is referred to by Lucan (iv, 136) and by Pliny (xiii, 11, s. 22). (Comp. Celsius, Ilierob. ii, 137-152.) Sec Papyrus.