Bulgaris, Eugen, a Russian archbishop, was burn in Corfu 1716. He ent >rcd in early life the priesthood of the Greek Church, ami subsequently continued his studies in Italy. On his return he assumed in 17-12 the direction of a school at Janina; later he taught successively at Kohani, on Mount Atlios, and in Con- stantinople. The encouragement which bo gave to philosophy found many enemies and led to charges "f heterodoxv, on account of which he had to quit his position both at Janina and on Mount Athos. He left Constantinople in 1768, in consequence of the war of Russia against Turkey, and went to Russia, where Catharine. II appointed him archbishop of Kherson. This position he only retained a few years, and the last years of his life he spent in St. Petersburg, occu- pied with literary labors. He died in that city in I- 06.
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Bulgaris is one of the most prominent scholars of the modern Greek Church, and has exercised a lasting in- fluence upon the progress of Eastern Europe in both secular and religious literature. His works, mostly in the ancient Greek language, are numerous. His Manual of Logics has ever since remained a favorite text-book in the Greek schools. Among his theolog- ical writings are several volumes of funeral sir is
and eulogies on saints. He also published a transla- tion of the work of Adam Semicavius on the Proces- sion of the Holy Ghost. The hitter work is one of the standard works of the Greek Church on the much dis- puted doctrine, and the Roman Congregation for the Union of the Eastern churches with the Church of Rome (Sacra Congregatio >/< Propaganda Fid pro ne~ gotiis ritus Orientalis) specially instructed one of its consultors, Dr. Laemmer I subsequently appointed pro- fessor at Breslau) to refute it. Dr. Laemmer conse- quently undertook the publication of the Scriptorum <; ran ir orthodoxce bibliotkeca selecta (Freiburg, vol. i, 1865: contains Prolegomena; two sermons by Nicepho- rus Blemmida ; the work of the Patriarch Johannes Yeccus, of Constantinople. J)< unione Ecclesiarum, as well as the Senlentia synod ilia and the Apologia of the same author). — Sec Pierer, iii, 445 ; Laemmer, Script. Grac. 07-th. bib/, set. vol. i.
Bulkley, Charles, a Dissenting minister, was born in London 1710, and educated under Doddridge at Northampton. His first pastoral service was among the Presbyterians, but he finally joined the General Baptists, and became pastor of a congregation in Lon- don, where he died 1707. He published Discourses (Lond. 1752, 8vo) : — Notes mi Bolingbroke's Writings (Lond. 1755, 8vo): — The Economy of the Gospel | Loud.
1 1764, 4to) : — Discourses mi. tin Parables and Miracles
i (Lond. 1771, 4 vols. 8vo) : — Notes on tht Bible (Lond. 1802, 3 vols. 8vo).— Darling, Cyc. Bib. i, 476.
Bulkley, Peter, a Congregational minister, born at Odell, Bedfordshire, England, Jan. :.l. 1582. lie was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and entered the ministry of the Established Church, in
i which he remained twenty-one years, and was silenci 1 by Archbishop Laud for non-conformity. In 1635 he came to New England, and in July, 1636, collected a
| church at Concord, where he died March '.', 1659. lie. published llf Cnsjiel ( ', .n mint, or tin < 'or, mutt if I, nice Opened, etc. (Lond. 1646).— Sprague, Annals, i, 52.
Bull, as distinguished from "Ox," occurs but once in the Bible (Job xxi, 10), as the translation of "HO (shor, from his strength), which elsewhere denote- any animal of the ox species, and is variously translated accordingly. See Hillock, etc. Other terms oc- casionally thus rendered are ""X {ubbir' , mighty'), Psa. 1, 13; lxviii, SO; I.-a. xxxiv, 7; Jer. L U ; "2 (bakar', a beeue), Jer. Iii, 20; IB or "IB (par, a bul- lock), Gen. xxxii, 15; Psa. xxii, 12; and in the New Test, -acnoc, Heb. ix,13; x, 1: "ox" in Matt, xxii, 4; Acts xiv, 13. See BeevE; Beast. The XTl (to), or "wild bull" of Isa. li. 20, IS but another form Of iXFl (/"-', '• wild ox," Dent, xiv, 5), a large species
of oryx or ox-deer. See Antelope.
The rearing of horned cattle was encouraged by the people of Israel. These animals were protected in some cases by express provisions of the law; they were held (dean, being the u-ual sacrifice of consid- eration, and the chief article of tlesh diet, of the popu- lation. See Food. It is contended that the e.i-tra- tion of no animal was practised among the Hebrews (Josephus, Ant. iv, 8,40). If that was the case, other
methods than those generally alluded to must have been adopted to break oxen to labor ; for the mere ap- plication Of a metal ring through the cartilage of the nostrils, although it might have greatly restrained the ferocity of the beasts, would not assuredly have render- ed them sufficiently docile to the yoke and goad of a
BULL
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BULL
surrounded me on every side," says the Psalmist (Psa. xxii, 12, and lxviii, 30). "Rebuke the beast of the reeds (Auth. Vers. " spearmen"), the multitude of the bulls;" Lord, smite in thy wrath these animals which feed in large pastures, these herds of bulls (Psa. lxiii, 30). Isaiah says (xxxiv, 7), " The Lord shall cause his victims to be slain in the land of Edom ; a terrible slaughter will he make ; he will kill the unicorns and the bulls," meaning those proud and cruel princes who oppressed the weak. See Cattle.