Campbell, John, an Independent minister, was bom at Edinburgh in Maroh, 1766, and apprenticed to a goldsmith. About 1789, at which time he was ac- tively engaged in measures for the extension of Sun- day-schools, he began to prepare himself for the Chris- tbn ministry. He snbsiBquently visited London to take charge of twenty-four young natives of Africa, who were brought from Sierra Leone to be instructed in Christianity, with a view to its introduction into their native land ; and in 1804 he became pastor of the Independent Church in Kingsland, a charge which he retained until his death, April 4tb, 1840. Mr. Camp- bell took an active part in the formation of the Brit- ish and Foreign Bible Society, and several other im- portant religious associations. In 1812 he made a Journey to the stations of the London Missionary So- dety in South Africa, from which he returned in 1814. Of this Journey he published an account (1815^ 8vo).
In 1818-21 ha revisited Africa, and found Mnie inter> esting changes produced by the civilisation introduced by the missionaries. The journal of his second visit appeared in 1822 (2 vols. 8vo). Mr. Campbell pub- lished numerous woAs, chiefly for the instmction of youth, and he was the founder, and for eighteen yean the editor of the FotUA's MagaMme^ a reli^us period- ical of great utility.— Jamieson, BeSgious Biog, p. 100.
Campbell, Thomas, one of the founders of the religious denomination generally called '* Disciples,*' was bom Feb. 1, 1768, in Ireland, and descended frtni a family — the Campbells of Argyle — ^whioh makes a prominent figure in Scottish history. In 1798 he en- tered the ministry in connection with that branch of the Presbyterian Church which is known as Seceders, or Seceding Presbyteries. See PRESBTTEBiAinsM. In 1807 he emigrated to the United States, and was received at Philadelphia into the communion of tiie Associate Synod of North America. For about two years he supplied with ministerial labor the destitute churches of this connection in Western Pennsylvania. Shortly after, in 1809, he was Joined by his son, Alex- ander Campbell (q. v.). Both fkther and son soon declared against the use of anv human creed, confes- sion of faith, or formularies of doctrine and church government ; and when their views were rejected by the Seceders as a body, they drew up a '* declaration and address," in which tiie pious of idl the denomina- tions in the vicinity were invited to form a union, with the word of the Bible as their only creed. A congre- gatipn on the basis of these principles was organized at Brush Run. See Campbell, Ai.bxakdkr. Thorn- as Campbell retained at first infant baptism, although his son Alexander pressed upon his attention '*the in- congraity of demanding an express precept or prece- dent for any positive church ordinance, and yet prac- ticing infant baptism, for which neither the one nor the other could be produced.** Gradually Thomas Campbell changed his views on the question of bap- tism ; and on June 12, 1812, both he and his son Alex* ander, together with the members of their congrega- tion, were immersed by Elder Luse, of the Baptist com- munity. In 1818 they were received into Redstone Baptist Association, stipulating in writing that **no terms of union or communion other than the Holy Scriptures should be required.** Henceforth Alexan- der Campbell took, instead of his fether Thomas, the lead in the religious movement which at length event- uated in the formation of those who sympathized with them into a separate denominational connection. Thomas Campbell labored with great zeal, as an itine- rant minister, for the dissemination of his views, until 1846, when old age compelled him to rest. He spent the remainder of his life at Bethany with his son Alex- ander. In 1850 he was deprived of his sight, but his intellect remained nndouded. He died January 4, 1854. See Alexander Campbell, Memoirs of Elder Thomas CampheU (Cincinnati, 1861, 8vo) ; and the arti- cles Campbell, Alexander ; Disciples of Christ.
Campbellism. See Disciplbs of Christ.
Campe, Joachim Heihrich, a German dergy. man and author, was bom in 1746 at Deensen, in Branswiok: became, in 1778^ military chaplain at Potsdam ; in 1776, director of an educational institu- tion in Dessau. In 1777 he established his own edu- cational school at Trittow, near Hamburg, which he sold in 1788. In 1787 he was appointed school-coun* cillor hi Brunswick, and in 1805, canon. He died at Brunswick in 1818. He is one oC the most femoua Grerman authors of JuvenUe works, especially woriu of travel. His work Robinson der Jib^ere (Robinson the Younger) has been translated into all European languages, and its immense popularity in Germany may be inferred from the feet tliat a 60th edition of it was published in 1861. His writings, prepared in a rationalistic spurit, contributed lai*gely to lead away
CAMPE6I0
59
CAMPHIRE
1\
tfa0 Tooth of Gcnnany finom gimple faith in Chris- tianity. The complete edition of hia javenile worlu fills 87 volumes (SammtUche KinderundJugendtdirifUny 4th ed. Brunswick, 1829-^2).— Pierer, Univtrml-Lexi- ion, 8. T. ; Hurst, History of RatUmaUtm, p. 188.
Campegio (otherwise Caxpbooio, Campsjus), Lorenzo, Cardinal, was bom in 1474, became pro- fessor of law at Padua, and, on the death of his wife, took orders as a priest. He became auditor of the Beta, bishop of Feltri, and nuncio in Grermany. Leo X elevated him to the purple. In 1524 he was legate at the Nuremberg Diet, and there and elsewhere he exerted all his skfll of intrigue against the Beforma- tion with great success. In 1528 he was sent legate to Heniy YIII (who, in a former mission, had made him bishop of Salisbury) to effioct some settlement of the question of the divorce. Upon thb occasion he was the bearer of a bull bestowing upon Wolsey the most ample powers to effect the divorce. These pow- ers, however, were shortly withdrawn, and Campe- gio returned to Bome shorn of his bishopric of Salis- bury. He was a man of great talents, and intimate knowledge of the ecclesiastical law. His letters are preserved in the collection entitled ^pUtolcavm mkceiU kmeermm Smsiulariitm lAbri X (Basle, 1555, folio). There were aeven prelates of this family.— .Bio^. Umo. vi, 688. See Burnet, Hiit. of Engl EBfomuOUm^ voL iii,passun.