For the scientific classification of this plant, see the Penmf CydopcBdia, s. v. Lawsonia. The shrub is fig- ured and described by Sonnini, TrcKodt^ i, 164 ; see also Oedmann, Samml, i, 91 ; vi, 102 sq. ; Hasselquist, TrM, p. 603 ; Shaw, TVov. p. 108 ; Hartmann, Hebrder, ii, 866 sq. ; Russel, Aleppo, I, 184 ; Mariti, p. 641 ; For- skal, Flor, p. 66 ; Burckhardt, Arabia, p. 442 ; Lane, Mod, Eg, i, 62 ; RosenmuUer, Bib, Bot. p. 138 ; Wilkin- son, Anc, Eg, ii, 846. See Botany.
CamphuyBen, Thbodob Raphblsz, a Dutch theologian, was bom in 1680 at Gorkum. He was first a landscape painter, and rose to eminence in his art. Afterward, having devoted himself to theological stud- ies, he became one of the leaders of the Socinians. He was expelled from his parish, Yleuten, and died at Doccum in 1626. He published Theolf^giache Werche (Amst. 1667, 8vo; 1672, 4to), and a rh3rmed transla- tion of the Psalms in Dutch, 1680. A biography of Camphuysen was published by Kropman (Amsterdam, 1804).— Hoefer, Biog. GhUraJk, viii, 899.
Campian, Edmdxd, an English apostate and Jes- uit, was bom in London in 1640, and was educated at Christ's Hospital. He took his degrees at Oxford, where he made an oration before Queen Elizabeth on her visit to that University. Afterward he passed over into Lreland, and about 1671 proceeded to Douai, where he openly renounced the Reformed faith. He went to Rome, and was admitted a Jesuit in 1678. ^e was sent by Gregory XIII, along with the Jesuit Par- sons, into England, in June, 1680. Here he perform- ed all the duties of a zealous provincial, and diligent- ly propagated his opinions. In 1681 he printed iZo- tionet 10 obloH certaminU in cau$d Jldei reddkat Acade-^ vncU AngUa. It was afterward printed in English, and ably refuted by Whitaker. His activity at length drew upon him the attention of Walsingbam, the Sec-
retary of State, and he was arrested, carried to the Tower, and put cruelly to the torture, which he bore courageously. On the Ist of December, 1581, he, to- gether with several other Romish priests, was hanged at Tyburn on the charge of high treason. Other woiks of Campian are Narraiio de DivorUo Henrid VIII (Douai, 1622) ; Epistolcs ad Mercurianum (the general of the Jesuits ; Antwerp, 1631) ; a Uittory ^f Irelamd (Dublin, 1638, foL). A volume of Orationes, Ejristoloj and his treatise De Imitatione Ehdorica, were published in one volume at Ingolstadt (1602). His life was written by Paul Bombino, a Jesuit (best edition, Man- tua, 1620, 8vo).— Hume, Hyiortf of England^ ch. xli; Hook, i:cc/.£ic|^. iii, 428.
Campian Manusorlpt (Codex CaxpiIkus, so called from the Abb6 des Camps, who presented it to Louis XIY in 1707), a beautiful little Greek MS. of the four Gospels in very neat uncial letters, supposed to belong to the ninth Or tenth century. It was used by Wetstein, re-examined by Scholz, copied by Tisch- endorf, and collated by Tregelles. It contains many good readings. Besides the indications of sections in the margin, there are also scholia, some of them in the most minute writing. Besides accents and breath- ings, the words are marked with a musical notation. The MS. is now in the Imperial Library at Paris (where it is numbered 48), and is known as M of the Gospels.— Scrivener, Introd, to N, T, p. 110. See Ma»- uscBiPTs, Biblical.
VieTAWlIAM4^«A,£b
Specimen of the Codex Csmpianus (containing Matt lil, 11 : ir*o-M fiov ipxafie).
Camp-meetiiig, a name given to a certain class of religious meetings held in the open air. ** The first camp-meeting in the United States was held in 1799, on the banks of Red River, in Kentucky. Two broth- ers by the name of M'Gee, one a Presbyterian and one a Methodist, being on a religious tour from Tennessee, where the former was settled, to a place called the * Barrens,' near Ohio, stopped at a settlement on the river to attend a sacramental occasion with the Rev. Mr. M'Greedy, a Presbyterhin. John M'Gee, the Methodist, was invited to preach first, and did so with great liberty and power. His brother and Rev. Mr. Hoge followed him with sermons, with remarkable ef- fect The Spirit was copiously poured forth upon the people, and produced tears of contrition and shouts of Joy. Rev. Messrs. M*Greedy, Hoge, and Rankins, all Presbyterians, left the house, but the M^Gees were too powerfully affected themselves to flee, under cir- cumstances of so much interest. John was expected to preach again ; but when the time arrived, he arose and informed the people that the overpowering nature of his feelings would not allow of his preaching, and exhorted them to surrender their hearts to God. Cries and sobs were heard in every part of the house. The excitement was indescribable. When the noise of this extraordinary movement reached the surrounding country, the people rushed to see what these things meant, for they had never heard of the like before. By this means the meeting-house was immediately overflowed. An altar was therefore erected unto the Lord in the fbrest. This gave a new impulse to pub- lic interest, and many came from every direction, with provisions and other necessaries, for encampment, and
CAMUS
nDtined soTvral dAjs, dwelling in tents. It was a wolklerfiil occasion. Sectarian divisions seemed to hsTe been forgotten in the general concern for the prevalence of spiritaal religion. The services were eondncted by Presbyterians, Baptists, and Methodists. The refuH was nnparalleleid, and suggested another meeting of the kind, which was held on the Muddy River ; and still another, on what was called the Ridge, both of which were attended by immense throngs. By a prudent et^mate, it was reckoned that one hundred Knils were * added to the Lord' at the last-named meet- bg. F^m this unpremeditated beginning these meet- ings were extended, increasing in power and use- ftilness, under the special direction of Presbyterians and Methodists. Because of tliis union of sects in their support, they were called * general camp-meet- ings.' It is said that the roads leading to the grove where tiiey were held were literally crowded, and that enthe neighborhoods were forsaken of their inhabit- ants. A Presbyterian minister calculated that there vere at least twenty thousand persons present at one meeting held in Kentucky. At length, however, the Presbyterians gradually retired from tiie field; but the Methodists carried them into other parts of the coontry, till they became general in the connection. With more or less efficacy, they have been continued to the present time, not, however, without opposition on the part of some, and misgivings with many others in regard to their expediency" (Estojf on Caa^hmeet- M^, p:7-U).