Car'mite (Heb. Camuf, *^tt'i5 for *'^tt'iS, Sept Xapfu), the patronymic of the descendants of the Beu- benite Carmi (Num. xxvi, 6).
Camahan, Jambs, D.D., president of Princeton College, was bom Nov. 15, 1775, in Cumberland coun- ty, I^ In November, 1798, he entered the junior class in the college of New Jersey, and received the first degree in the arts in September, 1800. He read theology under John McMillan, D.D., in Western Pennsylvania. In 1801 he returned to Princeton as tutor, and resigned his tutorship in the fUl of 1808. He was licensed by the presbytery of New Brunswicic at Baskenridge in April, 1804, and preached in the vicin- ity of Hackettstown, Oxford, and Knowlton. January 5, 1805, he was ordained pastor of the united churches of Whitesbcrough and Utica, N. T. In February, 1814, he moved for his health to Georgetown, D. C, and opened a school, teaching there for nine years. In May, 1828, he was chosen president of the college of New Jersey, was inaugurated on the 5th of August, 1823, and, after a service of thirty years, resigned in 1853, and his connection with the college was dis- solved June, 1854. He was in different capacities con- nected with the college for thirty-five years, viz. two years as a student, two as a tutor, and thirty-one as president. *' His character was distinguished by mild- ness, joined to firmness and vigor ; his learning was extensive, and his practical ability in the ordinary af- fidre of life exceedingly acute. His labore wera very naefid in every department of activity — as a man, a Christian clergyman, the head of a most important ed- ucational institution, and an efficient co-operator in numerous schemes of benevolent enterprise.'' He
died in Newark, N. J., March 2, 1859.— JVew Torh Olh server; Wibon, Presb, Almcmae, 1860, p. 68.
Car'iudm (Kapvatv v. r. Kapvtlvy Vulg. CamO' fm), a large and fortified city in the country east of Jordan — ''the land of Galaad"— containing a * tem- ple" (t6 Tt'fxtvoi iv K.). It was besieged and taken by Judas Maccabieus (1 Mace, v, 26, 48, 44). Under the name of Carnion (rb Viapvio>) the same occur- rence Ls related in 2 Mace, xil, 21, 26, the temple being called the Ataroateion (rb ArapyaTuov), This enables us to identify it with Abhteeoth-Kabnaim (q.v.).
Carnal (<rapru:oc), fieshly, sensuaL Wicked or unconv.erted men are represented as under the domi- nation of a " carnal mind, which ii enmity against God,'' and which must issue in death (Rom. viii, 6, 7). Worldly enjo}rment8 are carnal, because they only minister to the wants and desires of the aninud part of man (Rom. xv, 27 ; 1 Cor. ix, 11). The ceremonial parts of the Mosaic dispensation were carnal ; they re- lated immediately to the bodies of men and beasts (Heb. vii, 16 ; ix, 10). The weapons of a Christian's warfare are not carnal ; they are not of human origin, nor are they directed by human wisdom (2 Cor. x, 4). — Calmet. See Flesh.
CameliaxL See Sardius.
CameBecchi, Pibtro, an Italian reformer and martyr of the 16th century, was bom in Florence, of a good family. His education and culture gained him the esteem of the best scholan of the* time, such as Sadoletus and Bembo. He became secretary and pro- thonotary to Pope Clement VII, and had so much in- fluence that it was said " the Church was governed by Camesecchi rather than by Clement." At Naples he imbibed the Reformed doctrine from Yaldes (q. v.), and in 1546 he was accused as a heretic and cited to Rome. Through the favor of Paul IV he escaped, but sought safety in France, where he remained at the court of Henry VI until 1552, when he thought he might return to Italy, and took up his abode at Padua. In 1557 he was summoned to Rome ; but, failing to appear, he was excommunicated as a heretic, April 6, 1559. Pius IV, on his accession, removed the sentence of excommunication, without any recantation on the part of Camesecchi. When Pins V became pope, Camesecchi apprehended danger, and took refuge with Cosmo, grand-duke of Tuscany, who basely surrendered him on a demand in the pope's own writing. He was tried by the Inquisition, adhered steadfastly to the fkith, and was condemned. On Oct. 8, 1567, he was beheaded, and his body afterward was consumed. — M*Crie, Be/ormaUon m Italy, chap, v (and authorities then given).
Camiola. See Cabinthia.
Car^nibn (2 Ifacc. xii, 21, 26). See Cabkaim.
Carnival, a period of festivity in Roman Catholic countries, beginning on the day after the Epiphany, and ending at the commencement of Lent, on Ash Wednes- day, resembling the Lupercalia of the Romans and the Tule-feasts of the Saxons. Some derive the word ttom caro (cartus), flesh, and vale, to bid adieu, i. q. faretoeU tojlesh; othen from the Italian came, flesh, and avaUare, to swaUow. In medisBval Latin it b called camelevamen, camUprivkttn, The Carnival owes its origin to the pagan fisstivals, and pious Roman Catholics themselves have testified their sense of the scandal which this season occasions. In Rome the Carnival ii observed with ravelry, masquerades, feasts, and grotesque processions. The Greeks have a simi- lar period, which they call *Awoxp««»C» Apocreos; it comprehends the week preceding their Lent, during which, as Marinus says, ** unusquisque pro facvitaie sua, laute et optpari convivatur.'^ A good account of the Roman Carnival is given in Appleton's Cyclopadia, iii, 447. See also Nicolai, Comment, de Ritu Bacchanch