Car'pua (Kdpwoc, perhaps for KafytroQ, fruit; on the accentuation, see Winer's Grammar, 6th ed. p. 49), a Cliristian at Troas, with whom the apostle Paul states that he left a cloak (2 Thn. iv, 18); on which of his journeys it is uncertain, but probably in passing through Asia Minor after his first captivity, for the last time before his martyrdom at Bome, A.D. 64. According to Hippolytus, Carpus was bishop of Bery- tus, in Thrace, called Berrhcea in the Ssfnoptie de Vita et Morte Prcphetarum, which passes under the name of Dorotheus of Tyre. — Smith, s. v.
Carpzov, the surname of a femily which was one of the most distinguished of the. 17th century for theo- logical learning, llie first eminent man of the name was Benedikt Carpzov, i^ofiBSBor of law at Witten-
CARPZOV
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berg, who died in 16S4 ; and the lateet, Johann Bene- dikt (the fourth), died as professor at Helmst&dt in 1808. The most important are :
CABPZOV, JOHANN BENEDIKT, bom at Boch- ihz, June 27, 1607, who became archdeacon of St Thomas's church at Leipzig, and was made, in 1648, professor extraordinarius, and in 1646 professor ordi- narios of theology at Leipzig. He died Nov. 27, 1657. He was noted for piety as well as for learning. • His chief writings are, De NwivUarum PcatkenOa (Leipzig, 1640, 4to) :~^Hodegeticim (1656 ; enlarged by his son, J. B., 1689, 4to) '.-^Ttoffoge in Ubrot Ecd. Lutker. Sym- hoKcos, completed after his death by Olearhis (1665 ; 1675, 4to). In view of this book, Gass calls Curpzov the " first really distingnished laborer in Symbolics** (Getehichte d. Prot. Dogmaiik, i, 172).
CABPZOV, JOHANN GOTTLOB, the most emi- nent of the (kmily, was bora at Dresden, Sept. 26, 1679, and studied successively at Wittenberg, Leipzig, and Altdorf. In 1702 he became almoner to the Sax- on ambassador, and in tliis capacity had the opportu- nity of travel in Holland and England, which he used to advantage for his, culture in the Oriental languages. He was engaged in pastoral work at Dresden horn 1704 to 1708, in which year he was called to St. Thom- as's church in Leipzig. His studies took a wide range, but hii chief bent was toward Hebrew literature and philology. In 1719 he was made professor of Orien- tal literature at Leipzig, which office he filled until 1780, when he became general superintendent at LO- beck, where he died April 7, 1767. His writings form an epoch in the history of Biblical critidsm. He was a bitter opponent of the Moravians and Pietists, and wrote a historico-polemical treatise against the Mora- vians (mentioned below). His most important works are, Ditput, de vet. philoe, ientt. circa naturam Dei (Lpz, 1692, 4to) :—Disp, dephtraUtatepenonantm in vna Dei esientia (Lpz. 1720, 4to) i—IntroducUo ad LXbrot Canon- icoi Vet, Test. (Lpz. 1741, 2d ed. 4to) i—CriOca Sacra Vet. Test, (pt i. Text. Original; pt. ii, Versiones; pt. iii. Circa pseudo criticam G. Whistoni soUicita (Lpz. 1728, 4to) : — ReUgions- Untersuchung der Bdhmisch-und Afaehri- schen BrUder (Lpz. 1742, Svo):— Apparatus Hist.-Crit. Antiquiiatum et codicis saori et gentis Hebram (Leipzig, 1748, 4to).— Ersch u. Gruber, Allgem. Encghlopddie^ s. V. ; ^oefer, Now. Biog. GinSrale, viii, 842.
CABPZOV, JOHANN BENEDIKT, bora in Leip- zig, 1720, became professor of philosophy at Leipzig in 1747; professor ofGreek at Helmst&dt, 1748. He pub- lished Liber doct, tkeol. pwrioris (1768) \—^acrm Exer- diationes in Epist. ad Hebr. (1750) i—Stridura m Ep. ad Rom. (1756) :Septenarius Epist. Cath. (1790). HU repute as a philologist was very great. He died April 28, 1808.
Carr (in some editions "car'*) is an Anglicized form of the term x^W^ C*^* '• '^^^f^^i occurring only in 1 Esdr. v, 55, as the name of something given to the Phoenicians for ftiraishing cedar to rebuild the Temple. Bretschneider (Spit^g. p. 270) thinks we should read x^H^yt^i i* ^ moneg ; perhaps, however, the word is simply a corraption for ccp/ui, coin (see Fritzsche, Handb. in loc.).
Carranza, Babtolomeo db, an eminent Spanish theologian and prelate, was bora at Miranda, Navarre, in 1508, of noble parents. Having studied theology at Alcala, he entered the order of Dominicans in 1520. He afterward was professor of theology at Valladolid. In 1546 Charles V sent him to the Council of Trent, where he vindicated the rights of bishops, jure divino^ against the papal pretensions. Philip of Spain took him (1554) to England, where queen Mary appointed him her confessor, and charged him with the re-estab- lishment of the Boman Church. This office he dis- charged ** with a zeal more worthy of a Spanish in- quisitor than of a minister of Jesus Christ," and was rewarded with the archbishopric of Toledo in 1558.
On entering his diocese he put forth a catacfaism, which his enemies made a subject of attack. It waa censured by the Inquisition; but sanctioned by the commission of the Council ik Trent. A more heavy cliarge awaited him. A report was circulated tfa^ Charies V had not died in the " futh of the Chorcb," and that tliis was owing to the archbishop of Toledo, who had instilled into his mind " heretical opinions." Carranza was seized by the Inquisition and imprisoned in 1559. After eight years* duress in Spain he was transferred to Bome, where Pius V kept him ten yean ' longer immured in the casUe of St. Ajigelo. In 1576 he was finally acquitted, but was suspended from his episcopal functions for five years, and was compelled to reside in the Dominican cloister of Delia Minerva at Bome. He lived only seventeen days afterward, dying May 2, 1576. He wrote, (1.) CcmmentaHos a»- hre d Catechtsmo Christiano (Antwerp, 1558, fol.) : — (2.) Summa ConcUionm (Venice, 1546, 8vo) :— (3.) De necessarid residenOA Episc, et aUor, pastorwn (Venice, 1547); and several practical treatises. — Biog. Unw, vii, 199; Buraet, Hist, of Engl. Refannaiion, iii, 881; Bayle, Dictionary^ s. v. ; Echard, Script, ord. Pradiea- toriMi, 8. Y. ; Hoefer, Now. Biog, G^nirale, viii, 864; Dupin, Eocks, WriterSf cent. xvL