The only species that seems to answer the condi- tions required is a wild sheep, still not uncommon in the Mokattam rocks near Cairo, found in Sinai, and eastward in the broken ridges of Stony Arabia, where it is known under the name of hehsh^ a slight muta- tion of the old Hebrew ^bS, hesch^ or, rather, b!l3, hebes^ which is applied, indeed, to a domestic sheep, one that grazed. This animid is frequently repre- sented and hieroglyphically named on Egyptian mon- uments (Wilkinson, Anc. Eg. iii, 19). It is a fearless
Ovie Tragelaphus.
climber, and secure on its feet, among the sharpest and most elevated ridges. In stature the animal ex- ceeds a large domestic sheep, though it is not more bulky of body. Instead of wool, it is covered with
CHAMOR
206
CHANDLER
dose, fine, lufoiu hair : from the throat to the breast, I and on the upper arms above the knees, there is abun- | dance of long, loose, reddish hair, forming a compact protection to the knees and brisket, and indicating that the habits of the species require extraordinary defence -while sporting among the most nigged cliffs (see Bochart, Hieroz, i^ 273 sq. ; BoeenmOller, AUerth. lY, ii, 186 sq.). The head and fkce are perfectly ovine, the eyes are bluish, and the horns, of a yellowish col- or, are set on as in sheep; they rise obliquely, and are directed backward and outward, with the points bending downward. The tail, about nine inches long, is heavy and round. — Kitto, s. y. See Aiitelope.
Chamor. See Asa.
Champaign 0^5t?» ^<**^'» deteri), an open or uninhabited district (Deut xi, 80). See Ababah.
Champeaux. See William of Chamfbaux.
Champion OiSA, gibbor'j 1 Sam. xvii, 51 ; else- where " mighty man*'). The Heb. phrase d^San-ttJ'^K, ish hab-bena'yim, rendered ** champion** in 1 Sam. xvii, 4, 23, literally signifies a man between the two, that is, a go-between, an arbiter, or one who offers a chal- lenge, and appropriately denotes the position of Goli- ath when he stood up between the Hebrew and Phi- listine armies. Single combats at the head of armies were not unusual in ancient times, and in many cases it was a condition that the result should determine the national quarrel. An example of this kind is the com- bat between Paris and Menelaus, described by Homer. A similar practice obtains in the present day among the Bedouin Arabs. See Single Combat.
Cha'^nalUi (Xavadv)^ a mode of Anglicizing, or, rather, Griecizing the name Canaan in tlie A. Y. of the Apocrypha and N. T. (Judith v, 8, 9, 10 ; Bar. iii, 22 ; Sus. 66 ; 1 Mace, ix, 87 ; Acts vii, 11 ; xUi, 19).
Cha'^nalUiite (Xavavaioc), another form for Ca-
NAANITE (Judith V, 16).
ChanamaL See Frost.
Chancel (Lat cxmcefl*, from cancer, a lattice), in modem usage, part of a church set off from the rest by a railing. See Cancellus. Modem French writ- ers use the word caned in its original sense of a lat- tice or screen, as they apply it to th» screen (tran- senna') which separates the choir or side chapels from the nave or main body of the church. In English Protestant churches the term chancel is applied most- ly to that part of the smaller churches cut off from the nave by the cancel, or, rather, the railing where for- merly the cancel stood. The original term choir (q. V.) is retained in the larger churches and cathedrals. The chancel is reserved for the use of the clergy in the administration of their offices during divine ser- vice. In the German churches the term " kanzeT* is applied to the pulpit, which projects from the side of a gallery, that all in the church may easily hear.
** By the rabric of the Church of England before the Common Prayer, it is ordained that** the chancels shall remain as they biave done in times past, "that is to say, distinguished frt)m the body of the church in manner aforesaid ; against which distinction Bucer and bishop Hooper (at the time of the Reformation) inveighed ve- hemently, as tending only to magnify the priesthood ; but though the king and the Parliament yielded so far as to allow the daily service to be read in the body of the church, if the ordinary thought fit, yet they would , not sufier the chancel to be taken away or altered.** ' See Bingham, Oriff. Ecd. bk. viii, ch. iii; Hook, Church Dictionary, s. v. ; Guericke, Mmfuil of Antiquities, p. 104 (Engl, transl.).
ChanoeUor (DJa-b^a, heil'-teim'f Sept BaXra/x and BaXrdv). The originai word signifies a command- er, or lord of the edicts or causes ; it was the Chaldee tide of the Persian governor at Samaria, but is render- ed in our version " chancellor** (Ezra iv, 8, 9, 17).
CHANCELLOR {Caneellariiu), a Uy officer who ia Judge in a bishop's court, under his authority. " la an- cient times bishops had jurisdiction in particulaT canaea, as in marriages, adultery, last wills, etc., which were determined by them in their consistory courts. But when many controversies arose in these and other causes, it was not consistent with the character of a bbhop to interpose in every litigious matter, and it be- came necessary for the bishop to depute aome subordi- nate officer, experienced both in the civil and canon law, to determine those ecclesiastical cauaes, and this was the original of diocesan chancellors. Henry II of England, requiring the attendance of biahojM in his state councils, and other public affairs, it was thought necessary to substitute chancellors in their room, to dispatch those causes which were proper to the bUh- op*s jurisdiction. In a few years a chanceUor became such a necessary officer to the bishop that he was not to be without him ; for if he would have none, tiie archbishop of the province might enjoin him to depute one, and if he reAised, the archbishop might appoint one himself. The person thus deputed by the bishop has his authority from the law, and his jurisdiction b not, like that of a commiuary, limited to a certain place and certain causes, but extends throughout the whole diocese, and to all ecclesiastical matters ; not only for reformation of manners, in punishment of criminals, but in all causes concerning marriages, last wills, ad- ministrations, etc.'* (Hook, C?iurch Dictionary, a. v.). In England the chancellor presides in the bishop*s court, and is called his vicar-general, as being clothed with the bishop*s authority. In Ireland the chancel- lor has no ecclesiastical jurisdiction, all matters per- taining to his office being executed by a distinct offi- cer, called the vicar-general. — Bingham, Orig, EcdeM. bk. ii, ch. vii, § 5 ; Marsden, Churches and Sects, 8S1.