Clandi&ntia Mamertns, a presbyter of Tieme,
5th century (died about 470), was a man of specoh-
tive talent, and well acquainted with the tbeoktgj d
Augustine. He wrote a treatise, De statu Awm
{Bib, Max, Patr. vi; Bib. Pair. Gotland, x) sg»i«
the anthropomorphism of Faustus of Rhegium (q-T.).
He shows that "thought is inseparable from the 0-
sence of the soul, and that its spiritual activity it io^
structible" (Neander, History of Dogmas, ed. Bvlnd.
i, 840). For an analysis of the tract, see Dapin, Ec-
! des. Writers, ii, 150 (Lond. 1698), and Garke, ^iw*
' sion ofSacred.LUerature, ii, 249. Certain Latin hyvm
i are attributed to Claudius, viz.. Contra Poetas mmot(jt
! the De Statu above), and Pange Bngua ^ibrioii, ▼bki
j last, however, is more property ascribed to Venstni
j Fortunatus. Sidonius Apollinaris, to whom thtDeA*-
ima is dedicated, gives a glowing paneg]rrk npoa tk
talents of Claudianus. — Dupin, L c,
Clau'diuB (KXmi^ioc, for Lat. Clau^ms, perfa. fm daudus, lame)^ Uie name of two Romans mentkmed ii the N. T. See also Fblix.
1. The fourth Roman emperor (excluding J. Ccar) who succeeded Caligula Jan. 25, A.D. 41. His faD name was Tiberius CLAiTDins Drubus Nero Cisas AnonsTUS Germanicus. He was the son of Dnua* and Antonia, and was bom Aug. 1, B.C. 10, st LjoKi in Oaul. Losing his father in infoncy, be was tbts- doned to the care and society of domestics, and d^ spised by his imperial relatives (Tacitus, Am. ri, 4f 1 ; Suetonius, Claud, 2). Notwithstanding the iwik- ness of intellect resulting from this neglect, be devo* ted himself to literary pursuits, and was the sotlMr of several treatises. On the murder of Caligula, Iw ^ himself through fear of sharing his relative's f)itB,bi^ was found by a soldier, at whose feet he fell a sopl^ ant, but who saluted him emperor ; and he wai ti>si unexpectedly, and almost by force, hurried into tbe popular assembly, and constituted emperor chiefly ^ the Prstorian Guards, under piomise of a Isxgttt to
CLAUDIUS
371 CLAUDIUS, MATTHIAS
ich soldier (Soetonias, Ckmd. 10). According to Jo- iphas (Ant, xlx, 2, 1, 8 and 4), the throne was in a reat measure finally secured to him through the ad- ress and solicitations of Herod Agrippa I (q. v.). his obligation he retomed by great and peculiar fa- ors to that personage, for he enlarged the territory r Agrippa by adding to it Jodaea,' Samaria, and some Utricts of Lebanon, and appointed his brother Herod > the kingdom orChalcis (Joseph us, Ant. xix, 5, 6; Hon Cassias, Ix, 8), giving to this latter also, after is brother*s death, the presidency over the Temple at erosalem (Josephus, Ant, xx, 1, 88). Indeed, the ews were generally treated by him with indulgence, specially those in Asia and Egypt {Ant. xix, 5, 2, 8; ex, 1, 2), although those in Psdestine seem to have at imes suffered much oppression at the hands of his jovemors (Tacitus, Hist, v, 9, etc.) ; but about the niddle of his reign those who abode at Rome were all )anished thence (Acts xviii, 2 ; see Hebenstreit, De Judao Roma exuUy Lips. 1714). From the language >f Suetonius in relating this event (Claud. 25), it is evident that the Christians were also indiscriminately included in the execution of the edict as a sect of the Jews, If, indeed, they were not the more numerous part of that portion of the inhabi jints : '* Judseos, im- pulsore Chresto [i. e. ChrittOj see Rossal, De ChristOf in Ckre$tvm commutator Grdn. 1717] assidne tumultuantes, Roma expulit" (** He banished the Jews from Rome on account of the continual disturbances they made at the instigation of one Cbrestus**). See Chrbstus. The historian has evidently, in his ignorance of the merits of the case, attributed the proverbial insurrec- donary spirit of the Jews to the influence of Christi- anity, a confusion which the disputes between the Jews and Christians on the subject of the Messiah may have contributed to increase. Suetonius does nyt give the exact year of this event, nor can it be made out from any other classical authority ; he mentions it, however, in connection with other events which are known to have taken place at different dates between A.D. 44 and 58 : a comparison of the associated events in the Acts appears to fix it in the year A.D. 49. Oro- ous {Hiil, vii, 6) fixes it in the ninth year of Claudius, A.D. 49 or 60, referring to Josephus, who, however, ttys nothing about it Pearson {Awnal. Paul. p. 22) thinks the twelfth year more probable (A.D. 62 or 58). Anger remarks (Jh raUone temporum in A ctis App. p. U7) that the edict of expulsion would hardly be pub- lished as long as Herod Agrippa was at Rome, i. e. be- fore the year 49. The Jews, however, soon returned to Rome. Several fkmines occurred under Claudius f^ imfkvorable harvests (Dion Cass. Ix, 11 ; Euseb. Chrm, Armen, i, 269, 271 ; Tacit. Ann. xii, 48), one of which, in the fourth year of his reign, und^r the pro- cnntors Cuspius Fadus and Tiberius Alexander (Jo- seph. Ant. XX, 2, 6; 6, 2), extended to Palestine and Syria, and appears to be that which was foretold by ^bos (Acts xi, 28; see Biscoe, On Ads, p. 60, 66; Lwincr, CredtbiH/y, i, 11 ; Kitto, Daily Bible Jllugt., ^ vol, p. 229-232 ; compare Kuindl, in loc. ; also ^bs, Obt, in N. T. p. 210). The conduct of Clau-