CLAYTON
373
CLEFT
Bparation, which, it would be manifest to all, could ▼e in itself no curatiTe virtue. The ** clay gionnd" terallj tkicknet$ of soil) in which Solomon caosed B large vessels of the Temple to be cast (1 Kings vii, ; 2 Chron. iv, 17) was a compact loam, of a quality rather extent (depth some 28 feet; see Jachui) not be found elsewhere in Palestine, which is generally cky or sandy. See Mktallubot. Cla3rton, Robert, bom in Dublin in 1686, was a sdple of Dr. S. Clarke, became bisliop of Killala, of >rl^ and finally of Clogher, and published several Drks, none of which have gained lasting celebrity It his E$9ay on Spirit (1751), a treatise maintaining nan views, of which, though not actually his compo- tion, he bore the expense and assumed the responsl- lity. A powerftil reply from Jones of Nayland did >t hinder his proposing in the Irish House of Lords !d Feb. 1756) the omission of the Nicene and Athana- sn Creeds from the liturgy of the Church of Ireland ; id at last, the third part of hb Vindication of the Hia- riet of the CHd and New Testament gave occasion to ^ proceedings, arrested only by his death on Feb. tth, 1758. .Among his other publications are 7^ %ronology of the Hebrew Bibh Vindicated (Lond. 1747, to); A Dissertation on Prophecy (Lond. 1749, 8vo).— kippis, Biogrcq^hia Brittamica, iii, 620.
Clean C^in^, takor^^ ra&ap<$c) and Unclean i(^^, tame'y iKa^aproi). These words are of frequent ocurrence and obvious meaning in the sacred writ- Bgs ; but it is in their peculiar application, by the Mo- aic law, to persons, animals, and tilings, that they are low to be considered. In order to partake of the priv- leges of the Jewish Church, and to engage acceptably Q its outward worship, the individual must not only M circumcised, but he must be ceremonially pure or :lean; that is, he must be fr^e frt>m uncleanness. 9ow the various kinds of uncleanness were contract- ed, what time it continued,* and what was the process if purification, we find particularly described in Lev. D-xv; Num. xix. See Purification.
The division of animals into clean and unclean ex- ited before the Flood (Gen. vii, 2), and was probably tbnnded upon the practice of animal sacrifice. The regulations concerning clean and unclean animals are i^efly recorded in Leviticus, ch. xi, and Deuteronomy, ch. xvi, where the following animals are pronounced unclean, and are consequently interdicted to be used u food : (1.) Quadrupeds which do not ruminate, or which have oncloven feet. (2.) Serpents and creeping ABects; also certain insects which sometimes fiy and lometiines advance upon their feet ; but locusts, in all their four stages of existence, are accounted clean. (8.) Certain species of birds ; but no particular characters ^ given for dividing them into classes, as ''clean" or *' unclean." Judging from those that are specified, u ^ as the obscure character of the Hebrew names viU admit, it will be found that birds of prey general- ly are rejected, whether they prey on lesser fowls, or on animals, or on fish ; while those which eat vegeta- bles are admitted as lawful ; so that the same princi- ple is observed, in a certain degree, as in distinguishing ^^upeds. (4.) Fish without scales, and also those ^boot fins. (5.) Animals of any kind which had ^er died #f disease, or had been torn by wild beasts (Exod. xxii, 81). See Animal.
The animal substances interdicted to the Hebrews ^wo: (1.) Blood (Levit. xvii, 10 ; xix, 26 ; Deut. xii, \6.23; XV, 23). (2.) The fat covering of the intes- fuxtt, termed the net or cauL (8.) The fat upon the ^testines, called the mesentery, etc. (4.) The fat of Jbe kidney. (5.) The fat tail or rump of certain sheep ^xod. xxix, 18, 22; Levit iii, 4-9; ix, 19). See
'ODD.
n1iat was the design of these distinctions, and how ^ *ere abolished, may be learned with sufficient ac- curacy from a comparison of various passages of Scrip-
ture (Ley. XX, 24-26; Acts x, 9-16; xi, 1-28; Heb. ix, 9-14). See Decree (of the Apostles), It has been observed that one object of these appointments may have been to make the Jews suspicious of Gentile customs and entertainments, and so induce them to abstain fVom all intercourse with them. We find in the New Testament that eating with (Utiles was re- garded as a peculiar aggravation of the offence of as- sociating with them (Matt, ix, 11 ; Acts xi, 3). It may be remarked, also, that the flesh of many of the animals interdicted was unwholesome, and others were objects of idolatrous worship among the heathen. The chief design of the regulation, however, appears to have been, to establish a sjrstem of reg^en which should distinguish the chosen people from all other na- tions. See the treatises De animalibus esu interdtctis, by Danz (Jen. 1687) and M&nster (in Menthenii Thes, cUss, ii, 477 sq.) ; also Neumann, Ueb, d, Kasten Nook (Wittemb. 1741). See Uncleanness.
Cleanse. See Purification.
Clear-story (or Clerb-btort), the upper part of the central aisle of a church, raised above the roofs of the adjoining side aisles, with windows to light the nave below. In many cases the clear-story is evi- dently a subsequent addition to the orighial design, especially when the high-pitched roof, which included the body and aisles in its span, gave way to a fiat roof covering the nave only. The walls were then raised over the arches of the nave to receive the dear-story windows.— Parker, Concise Gloss, of Arckitdcture^ s. v.