A small work, Ti'c o ffutiofuvoc irXovmog; (^What rich man may he saved f) is also attributed to Clemens. This treatise is an examination of the words of Christ (Matt, xix, 24 ; Luke xviii, 25), and aims to show that these words do not require the renunciation of worldly goods as a condition of sah'ation ; that the disposition of the soul is the essential thing, and that riches may be the materials and instruments of good works for those who rightly use them.
The following works of Clemens are not extant (the fragments which have been collected are found in the edition of Potter, vol. ii ; in Fabricius's Hippolytus at the end of vol. ii ; and in Galland's BibUoth, Pair. and Migne's Patrohgid): 'Yirorv^r&weic ; Hfpi rov irdaxa ; Uipi tiriimia^ ; Uepl KardkaXiag ; UpoTpdr- Tuedc tic^Ttrofiou^'f Kavwv'EiacXrimairTueSc; tig tov IIpo<pffrriv 'Afitan Hc/tu Trpovoiag; "Opoi dia^opoi. Clemens refers to some other treatises as either writ* ten or intended to be written by him, but we have no mention of them elsewhere.
The first edition of the three principal works of Clemens was made by Petrus Victorius (Florence, 1550, fol. ; a Latin translation in 1551). It was fol- lowed by an edition by Fr. Sylburg (Heidelberg, 1592, fol.). A Greek-Latin edition was published by D. Heinsius (Leyden, 1616, fol. ; reprinted Paris, 1629, Paris, 1641, Cologne, 1688). The best edition of all the works of Clemens, genuine and doubtful, is that by the Anglican Bishop Potter (2 vols. fol. Oxford, 1715, with valuable notes and a commentary to Clem- ens by Gentianus Hervetus ; reprinted at Venice, 1757, 2 vols, fol., and [without the notes and the comment- ary] by Oberholzer, at Wurzburg, 1778-79, 8 vols. 8vo). New editions are by Klotz (Leips. 1881-84, 4 vols. 8vo) and by Abb6 Migne (in his Patrologia), An excellent translation in English of the Appeal, the Pcedagogue^ and the first book of the Stromateis (the remainder of the work to follow in a subsequent volume), is found in vol. iv of the Anie'Nicene ChritHan Library (Edinb. 1867).— Schaff, Ck, Hist, i, 205 et al. ; Neander, Ch. Hist, i, 691 sq., and Hist, Dogmas, i, 68 et al. ; Giese- ler, Ch, Hist, per. i, div. ii, chap, iii, § 62 ; Lardner,
Works, vol. ii (Lond. 1888, p 220-259; CUrin^ 8st Uteratwre (N. Y. 1889), p. 109-118, Ensebins, Hulsr. Ecdes, lib. v et vi ; Journal oj Sacred Ldt. Oct. im, p. 129; Reinkens, />e ClemenU PreAytero Alexambm, Homme, Scriptore, PhUosopho, Theologo (Vratidsr, 1851, 8vo) ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog, Gin, s. v. ; Frepfid CUmeiiuiCAkxandrie{VMis,l%^', Kaye, IFrM^oitf Opiiwms o/demens of Alexandria (Lond. 1885, 8to). Clement (KA^m>7C for Lat. demmtSy merest t person (apparentiy a Christian of Phitippi) mentuwd by Paul (Phil, iv, 8) as one whose name was in tbe Wk of life (q. v.), A.D. 57. This Clement was, hj the ancient Church, identified with the bishop of Row of the same name (Euseb. Hist. Ecdes, Hi, 4 ; O— tfw. Apost. vii, 46 ; Origen, vol. i, p. 262, ed. Lammatiic&: and Jerome, Scriptor, Bed. p. 176, a); and that opo- ion has naturally been followed by Roman CatlKiik expositors. It cannot now be proved incorrect; sai in fact, it is not improbable in itself, lliere are es- says on his life, identity, and character as a teacher, by Feuerlein (Altorf, 1728), Freudenberger (Upe. 175&> Frommann (Cobl. 1768), Roudinini (Bom. 1606). See
CLEMEirr OF ROMB.
Clement of Romb (Clemers Roxaitus). Oae of the early presbyters of the Church in Rome; prob> ably a presiding presbyter, primus tnter pares, after- wards called bishop. Irenseus, in his <Mdv. Hter. Qn^ 3, 8), written between 182-^88 A.D., makes him the third in <ffder after the aposties Peter and Paul, Linns beog
I the first, and Cletus or Anadetus the second. Tbe demfniines give a different order, which was followed
I by TertuUian. But Eusebius, who appears to hare taken great pains to be accurate, and had access to so-
' thorities no longer extant, preferred the order of Ire-
' nseus. He also adds the dates. Clement, he tan (Hist, iii, 84), died in the third year of Trajan, "hiv- ing for nine years snperintended the preaching of tbe Divine Word.** As Trajan became emperor on tbe
; death of Nerva, Jan. 28, 98 A.D., the so-called efix^ pftte of Clement will liave for its termini 91 or 93— 10@ or 101 A.D. Irenams speaks of him as " having sees and conversed with the blessed apoeties'* wlio '^foodr ed the Church in Rome," i. e. Peter and PanL Ori> gen (Comment, in Joan, vi, 86) identifies him witii the Clement of PhUippians iv, 8. This may have htm only a conjecture, or it may have been a tradition, it was, at any rate, the opinion of Eusebius and the esrir writers, and is in itself not at all improbable. TUrtr years would certainly be time enough for a pronuocnt Philippian to become a prominent Roman. Modem attempts to make out his origin from the epistie whirli bears his name have failed. Judging from the epi^ tie, he may have been either a Jew, aa Tillemoot ar- gues, or a Roman, as Lipeios argues, and the one aboot as probably as the other. Rufinus, who died 410 AD., was the first to call him a martyr. The language of Eusebius implies that he died a natural death, which is altogether likely to have been the case if his dates have been correctly given. The Martyrdom o/8t, Clement, in the first volume of the Patret ApostoBd of Cotelerius, is a puerile fabrication of no great antiqui- ty. Its story b that Clement was first baniriwd bj Trajan to Chersonesus, and afterwards drowned in tlw Black Sea. On reaching his place of exile, he fousd two thousand Christians condemned to work in a mtr- ble quarry. As the water they used had to be fietdied six miles, Clement caused a spring to break fbrth do$e to the quarry. This led to the conversion of a gnst multitude in the province, and the building in one yeu of seventy-five churches. And this, in its turn, led to Clement's martyrdom. An anchor was fkst^ied to his neck, and he was cast into the sea. The people, bewailing him, prayed God to discover to them bis re- mains. In answer to their prayer, the sea receded, and the people, going in on dry ground, found ths bodr of the holy martyr buried with the anchor in a mirUe