V, Pope (Bertrand d'Agoust)^ was bom at IJzeste about 1264. He was appointed bishop of Comminges by Boniface VIII in 1295, and was one of the few f^nch bishops who obeyed the summons of the pope to visit Rome, notwithstanding the prohibition of Phil- ip the Fair. In 1299 he was appointed archbishop of Bordeaux. During the conclave following tbe death of Boniface VIII in 1805 he was gained over by Philip the Fair, and when a compromise had been adopted between the party of Bonifkce and the French party. In Tirtne of which the French cardinals had to choose the pope among three candidates proposed by the party of Boni&ce, he was elected, being still regarded as a friend of Bioniiace. At a secret interview which he had had with Philip before the election he had prom- ised to reconcile the king with the Church, to leave to him daring five years the tithe for military wants, to condemn the memory of Boniface, and to create a number of new French cardinals. All these condi- tions were promptly fulfilled except the one relating to Boniface, which the pope tried to escape. He instt- tuted a committee to investigate the charges brought against Boniface, but ultimately (1311) declared 1dm tne from the stain of heresy. On the other hand, he yielded to the demand of Philip for the abolition of the order of the Templars. He summoned the grand mas- ter of the order, under false pretexts, to his court; issued in 1808 a bull against the order, in which he I brought against it the most unfounded and absurd | charges ; and finally, at the Greneral Council of Vi- enne (in 1812), pronounced its abolition. The pope raised no objection to the appropriation of most of the {
poeseraioitt of the order by Philip, and to the bomfaig of the grand master alid of many leading members. Clement was the first pope who fixed his residence at Avignon, thus beginning what has been styled the Babylonian Captivity of the popes. He published a large number of constitutions based upon the decrees of the Council of Vienna, which still form, under the name of *' Clementines'* (q. v.), the seventh book of the Decretals. He died on Nov. 29, 1314. The contempo- raneous writers accuse him of licentiousness, nepotism, simony, and avarice. See Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchen- Lex, ii, 594 sq. ; Herzdg, JUcU-Encjfklop. ii, 782; Ne- ander, Ch. Hist, iv, 70, 841 ; Gieseler, Ch Hist, per. iii, div. iii, ch. i, § 59, and div. iv, ch. i, § 95 ; Landon, Manual ofCduncUs, s. v. Vienne.
VI, Pope (Pierre Roger), was a native of Limousin, in France. After having been a Benedictine monk in -Chaise-Dieu, professor at Paris, bishop of Arras, arch- bishop of Sens and Rouen, and (1338) cardinal, he was elected pope on the 7th of May, 1842. He had a pro- tracted quarrel with Edward III, king of England, on the subject of ecclesiastical benefices, over which Clem- ent claimed an absolute right. He issued a frightful bull of excommunication against Louis IV of Germany (see Raynald, ad anntm 1346), when the latter and the German Diet refused to promise that the king should do nothing without the consent of the pope, and induced five of the German electors to elect Charles, the son of the king of Bohemia, as German emperor. By a contract of June 9, 1848, he purchased firom Joanna, queen of Naples, the city of Avignon and some adjoining territory for 80,000 gold fiorins, which, however, were never paid. Previously the queen, who personally appeared before him, had been acquitted of the charge of having murdered her hus- band. An urgent invitation from the Romans (among whose ambassadors was Petrarch) to return to Rome was sent to the pope, but he continued at Avignon. By a bull of April 10, 1849, he reduced the interval between the years of jubilee [see Jubilee] from 100 to 50 years, and celebrated the jubilee in 1850 with extraordinary pomp. In the bull of Clement the an- gels are conmianded to introduce into Paradise with- out delay any one who should die during his stay at Rome. His efforts to bring about a union of the Greek Church with the Roman were fruitless, although the emperor Johannes Cantacuzenus declared in favor of the union. More successful were similar efforts with regard to the Armenians, who, at a council held in 1842, condemned those heresies with which they were charged. In 1345 Clement brought about a new crusade against the Turks, in which the king of Cy- prus, the grand master of Rhodes, and the republics Venice of and Genoa took part, which, however, led to no result. He showed a great severity against the Flagellants. See Flaoellaiits. Most of the new cardinals created by this pope were Frenchmen, and among them were a considerable number of his own relatives, who scandalized the Church by their licen- tious lives. Clement died in 1852. Petrarch praises the generosity and eloquence of this pope; but he gave, on the other hand, great offence by his extrava- gance and by his private life. Of his writings there are still extant several sermons, a treatise on the pov- erty of Christ and the apostles, a volume of letters, etc. See Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchen-LdX, ii, 596-600; Herzog, Real-Encyklop, ii, 788, 784 ; Hoefer, Biog. G^ nirale, x, 765; Neander, Churdi Hist, x, 41, 48, 412; Gieseler, Ch, Hist, per. iii, div.jv, ch. i, § 97, 100.