tiumum ac Bevermdistkiutm ^ qui tibi m^ponat
nomen — — , and the shouts of the people are recorded as their assent, still, in theory, necessary to an elec- tion. The other ceremonies belonging to tbe inangn- ration follow in due order. — Ferraris, Bibtio^keca Co- nonica, etc., art. Papa ; Herzog, BeaUEmcykhpddky art Papstwahl ; Banke, Eisltny of the Papacy (see Index); North British Beview^ Dec 1866, art. Condaves ; IV truccdlo della Gattina, Hirioire Diphmatiqme des Coih cloves (Paris, 1865, 2 vols. 8vo); Cartwright, Po^al Condave (Lend. 1867). See Cabdinalb ; Pors.
Concomitant (1.) A term used by Boman tiieo- logians to denote the gp'ace of God aeoott^panging an action, as distinguished from pr^venittit grace, wliich (against the Pelagians) b necessary to exdte to good desires and actions (Bergier). (2.) Comoomiiamcey m tbe Boman doctrine of the Lord's Supper (q.T.), i
CONCORD, FORMULA OF 468 CONCORD, FORMULA OF
the ^ aooompuiyliig of the body of Christ by the blood, and of the blood by the body/* in the Eacha^ rist. Aquinas introduced the term (c(mcomt<mtia). The witliholding of the cnp from the laity ie justified by this Romanist doctrine of concomitance on the ground that as Clirist is present entirely in each of the elements, he is leceiyed fully in either by the commo- nicant. Of coarse this theory goes along with tran- sabatantiation. — Burnet, On the Articlet^ art zxzi; Smith's Hagenbaoh, Huitory <^DwAnM»^ § 196. See Lobd's Suppbr. %
Conoord, Fonntda of (Fobmui^a Cohoobdlb), the serenth and last symbolical boc^ of the Luther- j an Church, first publicly adopted in 1580. It was | firamed in consequence of the long disputes between the stricter Lutherans and the milder Philippists and the Crypto-Oalyinists in Germany. The principal the- ologians and evangelists considered it their duty to unite the Church as much as possible by clearly defin- ing its ftmdamental doctrines in accordance with the principles of the Augsburg Confession of 1680. In 1574^ duke Julius of Brunswick and the elector Augus- tas of Saxony commissioned professor Jacob Andrei (q. T.X of TfiMngen, to fhmie a suitable formula. His work underwent divers altoations in the hands of Chemnitz and Chytneus, and was finally received as Um confession of Swabia and Saxony. Subsequently, by the influence of prince George Ernest of Henne- berg, a second formula of concord was Chimed by Osi- aader and Bidenbach, theologians of WOrtemberg, and revised and completed by a body of theologians in the convent of Maulbronn in January, 1576 (known as the formula of Maulbronn). Andre& considered this latto* as too short, the former as too difftise, and under- took to base a third on these two. For this purpose the elector, in May, 1576, called a meeting of theologi- ans at Torgau. Among the eighteen who answered to the call were Andre&, Chemnitz, Chytneus, Sel- neccer, Comerus, Muscnlns, Crell, and Mdrlin. Be- tween them, and based on the two preceding formu- las and the Augsburg Confession, they framed the Book of TorgoM (published by Semler, Halle, 1760), which was submitted to the elector and his council on the 7th of June, and by him sent to the other evangelf- ical princes and statM, to be approved or altered ac- cording to their suggestkms. After many additions had been made to it, the elector required Chemnitz, Andre&, and Selneccer to remodel it. This was done in March, 1577, in the convent of Bergen, near Mag- deburg. In order to embody the diffiorent additions made to the primitive production (SoUda dedarcttio), they made a small supplement (Epitome), At a sec- ond session in April they adopted a new redaction ; and in a third, in May, where they were assisted by Mosculns, Comerus, and Chytneus, they perfected the final version, which was then handed to the elector. The latter named it Formula Comcordim^ and with the elector of Brandenburg called on the theologians of their states to sign it. It was then Joined with the oth- er received symbols in a Corpus do^rinm, and this Booh of Concord was officially recognised at Dresden, June 25th, 1580, as the fimdamentftl symbol of the Lutheran Church.
It is divided into two parts : 1. The Epitome, or summary, oonsistfaig of eleven articles, each headed by the enunciation of some controverted point of doc- trine (Mm comtrovertUB), which is then followed by the orthodox doctrine (jiare qfirmathd), and finally by the condemnation of the opposite view (pars mgor Uva). 2. The Sdlida dedaratio, or fundamental expo- sition, which treats of ^e same articles in connection with each other. The eleven articles, taken in the order of the Augsburg Confession, are on, 1. Original Sin (human nature by original sin has become utterfy deprcared [m universum corrupta"]); 2. Free-will; 8. Justification by Faith ; 4. Good Works ; 5. The Law and the Gospel; 6. The third Use of the Law; 7.
The Lord's Supper (the body and blood of Christ is really and substantially [vers et substaiUialiter^ pres- ent : there is a sacramental onion between bread and wine and the body and blood of Christ, and conse- quently an oral [ore] reception of the body and blood of Christ, in a supranatural and heavenly manner, so that also the unworthy and the unbelievers receive the real body and blood of Christ, though to their condem- nation) ; 8. The Person of Christ ; 9. The Descent of Christ into Hell ; 10. The Customs of the Church ; 11. Predestination and Election (the foreknowledge of God [prascieniia'] relates to all men, the pnedestination only to the good). To these is joined an appendix concerning heresies and sectaries (i. e. all who had not accepted the Augsburg ConfiBssion). The appended testimony of the witnesses of the Holy Scriptures, and of the pure doctrines of the original Church, on the pei^ son and work of Christ (Commumoatio idiomtawn% by Andreft and Chemnitz, in eight articles, is not considp ered as part of the creed.