DRINK-OFFERING
894
DROMEDARY
ticed in the Mishna (Shabb, xz, 2; Tervm. xi, 1) nn- der A Hebraized fonn of that name, consisting of a mixture of wine, honey, and pepper ; the other a de- coction of the juice of the grape, termed debash (honey) by the Hebrews, and dibs by the modern Syrians, re- sembling the 'i^fia of the Greeks and the drfruium of the Romans, and similarly used, being mixed either with wine, milk, or water. 4. Date^mej which was also manufactured in Egypt (pJvog poivudfio^, Herod, ii, 86 ; iii, 20). It was made by mashing the fruit in water in certain proportions (Plin. xiv, 19, 8). A sim- ilar method is still used in Arabia, except that the fruit b not mashed (Burckhardt's AroiM, ii, 264): the palm wine of modem Egypt is the sap of the tree itself, oU tained by making an incision into its heart (Wilkin- son, ii, 174). 5. Various other fruits and vegetables are enumerated by Pliny (xiv, 19) as supplying mate- rials for fouOticnu or home-made wine, such as figs, millet, the carob fruit, etc. It is not improbable that the Hebrews applied rctumt to this purpose in the sim- ple manner followed by the Arabians (Burckhardt, ii, 877), viz., by putting them in jars of water and bury- ing them in the ground until fermentation takes place. — Smith, s. V. See Wdtb.
DRINK-OFFERING C^^DJ, ne'mk, or ^■'OJ, iw- aik'; avovSrif compare <Tv(vS«T^at, Phil, ii, 17). One form of this consisted, according to the ritual law, of wine (Num. xv, 5 ; Hos. ix, 4 ; Sirach i, 16 [17] ; com- pare Curt, vii, 8, 18 ; Pliny, xiv, 14 ; Iliad, i, 463 ; x, 679 ; Odys, xii, 862 ; on the best sorts of wine for this purpose, see the Mbhna, Menach, viii, 6 sq.), which, according to Joseph us {Ant. iii, 9, 4), was poured around the altar {irfpi top putfiuv^ 1. e. the burnt altar, Exod. XXX, 9), and not, as the Jews understand it (Mishna, Succah, iv, 9), in a channel or tube of it. Drink-offerings were commonly joined with meat- offerings (Num. vi, 16, 17 ; 2 Kings xvi, 13 ; Joel i, 9, 13 ; ii, 14), an addition to the burnt and thank offer- ings (not the sin and trespass offering), which consist- ed of quadrupeds (Num. vi, 17; xv, 6, 10; 1 Chron. xxix, 21 ; 2 Chron. xxix, 35), and were, like these, presented, sometimes by private persons and some- times in the name of the people, daily (Exod. xxix, 40 ; Num. xxviii, 7), on the Sabliath (Num. xxviii, 9), and on feast-days (Num. xxviii, 14 ; xxix, 6, 16, 24), in such proportion that one lamb was reckoned to re- quire one fourth of a hin of wine, one ram a third of a hin, and one bullock a half hin (Num. xv, 6 sq. ; xxviii, 7, 14). In the (second) Temple liquors were kept ready for drink-offerings (Joseph. War, x, 13, 6), and were dispensed (Mishna, ShekaL v, 1, 3 and 4) by the prsfect of libations (Q*^3D:n hy). The Israelites fluently devoted drink-offerings also to foreign dei- ties (Isa. Ivii, 6 ; Ixv, 11 ; Jer. vii, 18 ; xlx, 13 ; xllv, 17 ; Ezek. xx, 28), as throughout antiquity libations of wine were made to heathen gods (see Smith's Diet, ofClois. Antiq. s. v. Sacrificium, p. 846). On the wa- ter-libation at the festival of booths, see Taberna- cles, Feast of. Libations of water occur In individ- ual cases even prior to the exile (2 Sam. xxiii, 16 ; 1 Sam. vii, 6). On the other hand, Elijah poured water on the altar (1 Kings xviii, 84 sq.) merely to heighten the effect of his miracle in contrast with his idolatrous competitors (Josephus, Ant, viii, 13, 6). On the oil- libation of Gen. XXXV, 14, see Stone. Psalm xvi, 6 (but probably not Zech. ix, 7) appears to contain an allusion to heathenish drink-offerings consisting of wine mingled with blood (vinum cutiratum\ which, especially when persons bound themselves to a fearful undertaking, it was customary to drink (Sallust, CcUil. xxii, 1; SiL Ital. ii, 426 sq.).— Winer, ii, 629. See Offerino.
Dromedary stands in the A. V. for the following Heb. words : ^DS, beaker, Isa. Ix, 6 (Sept. ca/ifjXoCf Vulg. dromedantu), fern. fl^^B, bikrah% Jer. ii, 23
(Sept. mistranslatea inf4, as if nmSag M^^ cur$ar levis), a jfounff csmel (see Bocfasxl, Bki sq. ; Gesenius, Thescatr. p. 206); U:^ relaL,! iv, 28 (Sept. upfia ; Vnl^jumentum; A.V.'^ei Esth. viii, 10, 14 ; '* swift beast" in Vie. 1, IT., or fleet courser (see Bochait, Hierot. i, 95^| raamak\ Eath. viii, 10 (Sept. and Tolg. ah| paraphraseX * "«* (fully 0''3a^n *a CTT1 ha-CKhast^ramim bmey ka-rammdtim, de wtda,] mares, A. V. "young dromedarief'^. See 1 Mule. The dromedary is properiy & Afii Arabian species of camel (Camdv drojudum ing only one hump (Wellsted, i. 204), ia ^ fh)m the Bactrian (Aristotle, Amm. 3, 2; P^ 26; Apulej. Asim, vii, p. 152, Bip.X «M Ii (r'^an, Isa. XXX, 6). It b thi» t^ kzirf c^ spoken of in Scripture (Heb. br 3, ^onoO u^ 3 1 East (Arabic yam/), where it is a widely-AwaJiB^i ceedingly useful aninial. It his a deukt ini frame, long neck, small bead and ens, aai b « gray or brown (very seldom black) color o/>kiid usually 6| feet hi^. (The Talmud, iMirtri t speaks of a peculiar variety, npK3, vfaick tk &«i interprets to mean the wUte camel) Tbe agl humped (called also Tariisk) camel isthelup!«:L strongest (being capable of carrying froit kvtth pounds), but is so much affected by the ka ^3 sun as to be unserviceable during Um sumBafr^ The one-humped camel, or proper dromcdin.iLi everywhere met with in Syria and PaleitiK [Sm xviii, 448), is the one refeired to in In. Im ^ h Gesenius, Comment, in loc) by the tem r^r:.t karoty (the versions all vague or wroog: 5fpc. m hta, Vulg. carracm, A. V. ** swift beist»"),Ka& fh)m their boundHag motion (Bochsit, Fktk. I ^ which is very rapid (Burckhardt, Bedetoas^ ii >^i J is sometimes accelerated by musical instnuurtt**- Gulist p. 190). Its greater speed is in ctswpt