EUDES
345
EUERGETES
ethical principle. In direct and keen opposition to every form of eudaemonism, Kant establi.shed the prin- ciple" of the categorical superlative, according to which the good must be done for its own sake, and the mor- al law, witli the duties emanating from it, can alone be made the central principle of ethics. See Kant. Schleiermacher assigned to the idea of the highest good the highest position in ethics, and likewise reject- ed Eudajmonism as a principle. This is now, in gen- eral, the attitude of writers on Christian ethics ; the thiist of man for happiness is not absolutely rejected, but it is found unsuited for a fundamental principle, which must be sought in a universal divine law, not in the natural longings of the individual. See Eth- ics. Hcrzog, Real-Encyklop. iv, 207. (A. J. S.)
Eudes, Jean, founder of the congregation called the Eudists, was born at Rye, Normandy, November 14, IGOl, and died at Caen, August 19, 1G80. At 14 he commenced his studies under tlie Jesuits at Caen, entered the Congregation of the Oratory in 1G23, and was ordained priest in IG'25. From 1G27 to 1632 he was engaged in missionary labors among the plague- stricken people of Normandy, and in 1642 he became superior of the Congregation of the Oratory at Caen. Much of his time was spent in missions throughout France to reform the clergj'. In 1643 lie organized a nev/ society, whicli took the name "Eudists," or the " Congregation of Jesus and Mary," and soon had nu- merous branches in France. Its members were de- voted to the education of young candidates for the priesthood, and to "missions" (in the Roman Catholic sense) among the clergj'. Eudes wrote a number of Looks of devotion. The Eudists were scattered at the Revolution, but were revived liy the abbe Blanchard in 1S26. Thej' have a college, called St. Gabriel's, in the State of Indiana.
Eudists. See Eudes.
Eudo de Stella. See Eon de Stella.
Eudocia, wife of the emperor Theodosius II, was the daughter of Leontius, an Athenian sophist. She was called Athenais, and was carefully instructed by her father in Greek letters. She was also noted for pei- sonal beauty. On the death of her fatiier, tlie jealousy and avarice of her brothers compelled her to go to Con- stantinople, where she appealed to Pulcheria, sister of Theodosius II, who was so fascinated l)y her beauty and talent that she induced Theodosius to marry her, A.D. 421. She was baptized under the name of Eu- docia, and long retained great influence witli the em- peror. In A.D. 438 she made a splendid pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Soon after she was charged with aspir- ing to tlie government of the Eastern empire ; and later, with an intrigue with one Paulinus, a courtier. About A.D. 449, "the emperor, through jealousj', dis- missed all her court, and had her exiled to Palestine, where she continued to reside after his death. She tliura embraced the opinions of Eutyches, and sup- ported bj' her liberality and influence the monk Theo- dosius, who forced himself into the see of Jerusalem, after driving awaj' Juvenal, the orthodox liishop, and kept it until he was himself driven away by order of the emperor IMarcianus. Euthymius, called the Saint, by his reasonings brought back Eudocia to the ortho- dox faith, after which she spent the remainder of her days at Jerusalem, where she died in 460, protesting her innocence of the crime with which her husband had charged her." Eudocia wrote several works : (1) Pho- tius quotes a translation in verse of the first eight books of the Old Testament. (2) There is also attribu- ted to her a Life of Christ, composed of lines taken from Homer, translated into Latin l)y Eachard, and pub- lished under the title of ILymerocentra, or Ilomerici Ctniones (Gr. and Lat. Francof. 1541, 1554; Par. 1578, 12mo; Lips. 1793, 8vo); an account of the martjT- dom of St. Cj'prian, Greek and Latin, ed. by Bandini, ui his GrcEccB Eccles. vet. Monumenta, i, 130-189. — Hoff-
mann, Bibliogr, Lex. ii, 63 ; Gibbon, Decline and Fall, ch. xxxii.
Eudoxia, wife of the emperor Arcadius, was born in the year 375, and was married to Arcadius in 395. She was the mother of Theodosius II, or the younger. Her name is mentioned here on account of her difficul- ties with Chrysostom. She used her influence for the banishment of Chrysostom, against whom her hatred was incited by the unsparing attacks which he made against all evil-doers, and especially, it is said, by his declaration that she was "a new Herodias, thirsting after the blood of John." She died in 404.— Wetzer und Welte, Kirchen-Lexikon, iii, 736 ; Hoefer, Nouvelle Biog. Generale, xiii, 687 ; Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Harper's ed.), iii, 343 et sq.
Eudoxians. See I^udoxius.
Eudoxius, an Arian, and bishop of Constantinople, was born at Arabissus, in Armenia, first mentioned as bishop of Gerinanicia (near Mount Taurus). About 356 he obtained by artifice the patriarchate of Antioch, where he soon came forward as a patron of the Aetians (Theodoret, //. A', bk. ii, chap. 25, 26). Sozomen saj'S that " when Eudoxius found himself in possession of the Church of Antioch he ventured to uphold the Ae- tian heresy openly. He assembled in Antioch all those who held the same opinions as himself, among whom were Acacius, bishop of Ciesarea in Palestine, and Uranius, bishop of Tyre, and rejected the terms of 'like substance' and 'con-substantial,' under the pre- text that they had !)een denounced hj the '\^'estera bishops" (//. E. bk. ii, ch. 12). Although he was de- posed at the sj'nod of Seleucia, yet he does not appear to have ever vacated his see ; and on Macedonius lac- ing ejected from the see of Constantinople, says Soc- rates, Eudoxius, who now despised that of Antioch, was promoted to the vacant bishopric (//. E. bk. ii, c. xliii). He obtained the see of Constantinople in 359, and retained it until his death in 370. Some frag- ments remain of a treatise of his De Incarnatione Dei Verbi. — Hook, Eccl. Biog. v, 7 ; Neander, Ch. Hist, ii, 403-11 ; Cave, Hist. Lit. (Geneva, 1720), i, 138.