Euchelaion, th" oil of prayer, a ceremony in the Greek Cliurcli answering to extreme unction in the Latin. To such penitents as are conscious of the guilt of any "mortal sin," as adulter}', fornication, or pride, tliis sacrament is administered by the bishop or arch- bishop, assisted by seven priests, who commences with this prayer : " 0 Lord, who with the oil of thy mercies hast lioalcd the wounds of our souls, do thou sanctify this oil, that they who are anointed therewith maj' be freed from their infirmities, and from all corporeal and spiritual evils." The oil of praijer is pure and unmix- ed, having in it no other ingredient. A quantity suf- ficient to serve for the whole year is consecrated on Wednesday in the Holj' Week by the archbishop or bishop. In the administration, the priest dips some cotton at the end of a stick, and thereby anoints the penitent in the form of a cross on the forehead, on the chin, on each cheek, and on the backs and palms of the hands ; after which he repeats this prayer : " Holy Fa- thsr, pliysician of souls and bodies, who hast sent thine onh- Son Jesus Christ, healing infirmities and sins, to free us from death, heal this thy servant of corporeal and spiritual infirmities, and give him salvation and the grace of thy Christ, through the prayers of our more than holy lady, the mother of God, the eternal virgin, through the assistance of the glorious, celestial, and imorporeal persons, through the virtue of thy life- giving and holy cross, of the holy and glorious prophet, the forerunner, John the Baptist, and the holy and glorious apostles." — Farrar. Ecc.les. Dictionary, s. v.; Pinkertiin, Present State of the Greek Church, 193.
Euclieiius, bishop of Lyons in the 5th century, was born of a nolde family at Lyons. He was a sen- ator, happily married, and the fatlier of two sons,Ve- ranius ai\d Salonius, who at an early age were sent to the monastery of Lerins (now St. Ilonorat) for educa- tion. In 422 Eucherius entered the same convent as a monk, iiaving obtained the consent of his'wife Galla, who likewise devoted herself to monastic life. Soon
after, Eucherius retired into solitude on the island of Lero (St. Marguerite). In 434 he was, in consequenca of the reputation of his great piety, elected bishop of Lyons, and, as such, was present at the two synods of (Jrauge (441 and 442). He died in 454 (according to others, in 450 or 449). He is commemorated as a saint on the IGth of November. He was followed on the see of Lyons by his son Veranius, while the second, Salonius, became bishop of Geneva. Eucherius wrote, about the year 427, Ejiisfola parcvnftica de contcmtu mundi et secularis philosop/me (edit, b}' Eosweid, Ant- werp, 1621) ; in 428, Bpistola de laude erenii seu vita solitaria (edit, by Rhenanus, Basel, 1516, and Viy Eras- mus, Basel, 1520) : — Liber formidarmn spiritaUs intelli- gentim: — Institntionum libri II : — Exhortatio ad Mona- chos ; and several homilies. Several other works are wrongly attributed to him. It seems that he sympa- thized with the Semiarians. A collection of all his works was published by Brassicanus (Basel, 1531), in the Biblioth. Patr. Max. Liigd. torn, vi and xxvii ; and in Migne, Patrol. Lat. tom. 1. See Herzog, Rial-En- cyMop. xix, 490. (A. J. S.)
Euchites. See Messalians.
Euchologion (f I'X') Xoyoc), the common name of the liturgical books of the Greek Church, containing the services for the sacraments, conferring of orders, and other religious offices. There is an edition by Goar, entitled Euchologion, sive Rituale Grmcoi-um, com- plectens ritus et ordines divince Liturgia, oficiorum, sa- cramentorum, etc., juxta usum Orientalis ecclesiw (Par. 1647). See Covel, <S'ome Account of the Greelc Church (Lond. 1722, fol.), chaps, ii, iii; Neale, History of the Holy Eastern Church, pt. i (Lond. 1850), i, 317.
Eudasmoii, John Andrew, a Greek Jesuit, was born at Canea, in Candia, about 15G0. He derived his descent from the imperial family of the Paleologi; went to Italy when very young, and in 1581 entered the Society of Jesus. After having taught pliilosophy at Rome and theology at Padua, he was appointed rec- tor of the Greek College, which pope LTrban YIII had just established at Rome. He accompanied, as theo- logian, the papal legate, cardinal Barberini, to France, and died at Rome in 1625. He wrote a large num- ber of controversial works against Casaubon, Bright- man, John Barclay, Robert Abbot, and man}' others. Pamphlets against Henry IV and Louis XIII were also ascribed to him. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biogr. Genlr. xvi, 663. (A. J. S.)
Eudaemouism (Gr. fi'ic^aijuoi'/n, happiness), a prin- ciple in philosophical ethics according to which the at- tainment of happiness is represented as the true aim of life. Those who hold this view are called Eud.e- MOXisTS. Opposed to eudajmonism are all those sys- tems of ethics which regard not the pleasure of the in* dividual, l>ut the recognition of some universal law as the higher principle. Eudffimonism lay at the basis of the Cyrenaic school founded by Aristippus, and of the Epicurean philosophy (q. v.). It was developed to its utmost consequences liy H«gesias, who taught that if no enjoyments are to be expected by men, death is preferable to life. Essentially different from this class of Euda?monists is the sy.stem of Aristotle, who regarded virtue as a spiritual enjoyment, and in this sense represented ethics as the doctrine of seeking and finding a happy life. This view has found adlierents among Christian writers on ethics, who define and treat ethics as the doctrine of a happy life. Others have combined with cudfemonism common usefulness, moral sentiment, and perfection, and thus have purified and ennobled it. Belonging properly to the schools of Aristippus and Epicurus are in modern times the different systems of sensualism (q. v.) and material- ism (q. v.). In an ennobled form, Eud«monisin re- appears in some representatives of tlie Scotch school, who, in opposition to the self-love of Iloblses, develop the longing for universal happiness as the supreme