Sheni.
1. Elam.
2. Asshiir.
3. Arpliaxad.
a. Sftlah.
(a.) Peleg. (i>.) Joktaii.
( a. ) Almodad.
( b. ) Sheleph.
(c. ) Hazarinaveth.
( d. ) Jerali.
( 0. ) Iladoram.
( f. ) Uzal.
( s. ) Diklah.
( h. ) Ob:il.
( i. ) Abimael.
(j. ) Sheba. (k. ) Ophir. ( 1. ) Havilah. (m.) Jobub.
4. Liid.
5. Aram.
a. Uz.
b. nui.
c. Gether.
d. Jlash.
1. Elam, when used gpographically, held to corre- spond to Susiana, not to Persia Proper.
2. Asshur, afterwards the Assyrian nation. In the cuneiform inscriptions Asshur is the chief object of worship of the kings. See Asshuk.
ETHNOLOGY
342
ETHNOLOGY
3. A rpJtaxad, probably well traced in the province Arrapachitis.
a. Salah seems to be only a genealogical link. In the Sheuiitic familj' the list is clearly something more than ethnological and geographical ; it is of the nature oi a pedigree, at least as far as it deals with the ances- try of Abraham.
a. Eber. — It is impossible here to discuss the difR- cnlt question whether to this patriarch the name of the Hebrews owed its origin. The argument l>ased on the mention in this list that Shem was " the father of all the children of Elier" (x, 21) seems to us almost un- answerable on the ailirmative side. See Ebee.
(a.) Peleg seems, like Salah, to be but a genealogi- cal link.
(6.) Joktan is perhaps only a similar link : his de- scendants form an important series.
(a.) Almodad, supposed to be traceable in Arabian names.
(I).) Sheleph, traced in El-Yemen.
(c.) Hazarmaveth, identical in name with the great region of Hadramaut, in Southern Arabia.
(d.) Jerah, not certainly identified, and (e.) Ilado- rani, not traced.
(f.) Uzal, the same name as Awzal, the ancient name of San'h, capital of El- Yemen.
(g.) Diklah, (h.) Obal, (i.) Abimael, not traced.
(j. ) Sheba is the same name as the Arabic Sebit, the old kingdom of El- Yemen. The mentions in the Bi- ble of the kingdom of Shel)a point towards Arabia, and the Arabic indication thus fixes the position of Joktan- ite Sheba in the south.
(k.) Ophir, perhaps traced in Southern Arabia.
(1.) Havilah, as already remarked under the head of the Cushite Havilah, may indicate a mixture of Cushite and Joktanite settlers in Arabia.
(m.) Jobab, not certainly identified.
4. Lud has been compared to Lydus, the traditional ancestor of the L3^di:ms. The Shemitic character of the Lydian civilization is confirmatory of tliis view. The Egyptian monuments of the empire mention a powerful Asiatic people of Shemitic type, apparently living not far from Mesopotamia, called Ruten or Lu- DEN. It is possible that tlie Lj'dians may have mi- grated into Asia Minor after the time of the Egyptian empire, or that there ma}' have been two Lydian set- tlements. It is not clear whether the Lud or Ludim of later places of Scripture were of this stock, or the same as the ?.Iizraite Ludim, as already remarked.
5. Aram is, in later places, the geographical desig- nation of Syria, though the term is not of the same ex- tent as our Syria. We read of Aram-naharaim, "Aram of the two rivers," either Mesopotamia, according to the general opinion, or the countrj^ of the Orontes and Leontes, of Padan-Aram, perliajis a part of the same tract, or another name for it; and also of Aram-Zobah, Aram-Beth-rehob, Aram-Maacliali, and Aram-Damme- sek, or Syria of Damascus, all kingdoms in the coun- try Aram (q. v.).
a. Uz. Mention is made of "the land of Uz" in the book of Job, where other indications seem to point to tlie north of Arabia.
b. IIul, and, c. Gcther, are not identified; d. Mash is but conjecturally traced in Mesene, in Lower Baby- lonia, or Mons Masius, at the north of Mesopotamia.
VII. Results. — These are twofold:
liAOES.
I. Caucasian.
1. White (as Greek).
2. Tawny (Arab).
3. Brown (Abyssinian). II. Lower Nilotio (Egyptian).
III. NiKritian (Negro).
IV. Tatar (Cliinese).
In the table which follow those names from Gen. x for which tliere are highly- probable geographical identifications ; the second col- umn states these identifications ; the third contains
LANOrAGKS.
I. Slioiiiitif (as Hebrew). II. Iranian (Greek). III. Barliarir,.
1. I'lryptian.
2. N'itrritian.
3. Tatar,
the first column gives
ethnological evidence from Egyptian (Eg.), Assi'rian (As.), or other sources ; the fourth exhibits the like philological evidence.
Name.
Identificatiun. | Race.
Language.
Ham
t;«ypt ?
Lower Nilotic
Barbaric, Egyp-
CTomer
Cimbri
Caucasian
Iranian [tian
Madai
Media
Caucasian
Iranian
Javan
(j reeks
Caucasian, white
Iranian
Tubal
Tibareni
Meshecb
Moschi
Cush
Ethiopia
Nigritian ?
Barbaric, NiKri-
Seba
Mcrot-
Ltian?
Raainah
ReRma (E. Arabia)
Nimrod
KiliK of Babylonia and Assyria
Mizraim
Egypt
Lower Nilotic
Barbaric Eff^'p-
Lehabim
Libyans
Caucas., white (Eg.)
Itian
Napbtuhim
Egypt?
Philistiin
Philistines
L. Nilotic (Eg.)
Canaan
Palestine and Syria
Caucasian (Eg.)
Shemitic
Sidon
Sidon
Shemitic
Hcth
Hittites
Caucasian and Ta-
Shemitic
Jebusite
\tar?{^^.)
Amorite
GirpaBite
Hivite
Palestine and Syria
Shemitic
Arliite
Arvadite
Hamathite
Elam
Susiana
Caucasian (As.)
Asshiir
Assyria
Caucasian (As.)
Shemitic
Arphaiad
Arrapachitis
Eber
Hebrews?
Caucasian, tawny.
Shemitic
SlK'leph I
Hazarmaveth Uzal f
Southern Arabia
Caucasian, tawny
Shemilic
[and brown
Sheba I
Lud
Lvdia?
Caucasian
Aram
Syria
Caucasian
Shemitic
From this evidence we may draw the following in- ferences on several important points :
1. Order of Names. — The Japhethites seem to be placed first, as the most distant nations. In the list of the Hamites, the southern, and, therefore, most dis- tant Cushites, are arranged from west to east, Seba (Meroe) being followed 1)}' Eaamah (in Arabia), and the series closing with Nimrod, who ruled in Babylo- nia and Assj-ria. North of Cush is Mizraim, in the enumeration of whose tribes the western Lehabim (Liljyans) are followed after an interval by the east- ernmost Philistim, apparently the onlj^ Mizraites of Palestine. The list of the Canaanites begins with Si- don, the Phoenicians of the sea-coast north of the Phil- istines ; then mentions under Heth the Hittites, per- haps on account of tlieir southern settlement, and, go- ing northwards, enumerates tribes near Lebanon, clos- ing with the Syrian Hamathites. The Shemitic tribes begin in the east, extending regularly from Susiana to Arabia, and then ascending to Syria. Lud may be an exception, but, as we have seen, the Lydians may primsBvally have been settled near Sj'ria, otherwise Lud may be mentioned between the Arabs and Aram as an outlying Shemitic tribe, to be spoken of before the enumeration of those nearest Palestine.