Eusebius, bishop of Thessalonica, A.D. 601, wrote against the Ajyfithiirlodoeetcc, especially in reply to a monk Andreas, " who taught that Christ's bodj' be- came incorruptible Mhen joined to his divinitj- ; that Adam's body was not created liable to coiTuption ; and that the world, in its original form, was incorruptible also." These and other errors Eusebius wished him to retract; but, instead of prevailing, Andreas attempted to fortify his posts b^' farther defences, which indffced Eusebius to write ten books against the positions he had before attacked, showing that Andreas had misun- derstood Scripture and wilfully misquoted the fathers. Of these works there are no remains except what are preserved by Photius in his Biblioth Cod. 162. — Cave, Hist. Lit. (Genev. 1720), i, 373 ; Clarke, Succ. Sac. Lit. ii, 376.
Eustathians. 1. Eustathius, bishop of Antioch, was deposed at the Arian Council of A.D. 331. See EusTATiiics. The orthodox people of Antioch re- fused to receive an Arian bishop as his successor, and kept aloof, therebj' gaining the name "Eustathians." In A.D. 360, Meletius (q. v.) was transferred by the Arians from the see of Sebaste to Antioch ; but, though he adhered to the Nicene Creed, the " Eustathians" would not recognise him, as they refused to regard an Arian ordination. A moderate party, however, of the orthodox in Antioch did recognise him, and so arose the ojtposition of the "Meletians" to the "Eustathi- ans." The schism was made worse by the appointment of Paulinus (A.D. 362) as bishop of the Eustathians. The "Western churches, with the Egyptian, recognised Paulinus, while the Orientals recognised Meletius. — Neander, Ch. Hist. Torre3''s transl. ii, 411 ; Guericke, Ck. Hist. Shedd's transl. § 85. See Melp:tius.
2. A sect in the fourth century, wliich taught that married people were excluded from salvation, prohib- ited their followers from praying in their houses, and obliged them to -quit all their possessions as incom- patil)le with the hoj)e of salvation. They wore a par- ticular habit ; appointed Sunday as a fast, and taught that the ordinarj' fasts of the Church are needless after
EUSTATHIUS
363
EUTHALIUS
people have attained to a certain degree of purity. The sect probably derived its name from Eustathius, semi-Arian bishop of Sebaste (f 380), who was con- demned in the Council of Ganj^'ra, in Paphlagonia, held between the years 32G and 341. But it has been strongly argued on the other hand that the Eustathius ■who founded the sect was a different person, an Arme- nian monk. Walch {Hist. d. Ketzereien, iii, 53G) has treated the subject at large.— ^lurd. Mosheim, Ch. Hist. bk. ii, c. iv, pt. ii, ch. iii, § 19, n. 39 ; Socrates, II. E. ii, 43 ; Sozomen, //. E. iii, 14 ; Neander, Ch. Hist, ii, 419 ; Dupin, Hist. EccL cent, iv ; Bingham, Orig. Ecd. bk. xxii, ch. i, § 8. See Eustathius of Sebaste.
Eustathius of Antioch was born at Sida, in Pamphylia (Hieron. Cdtal. 85). He was for some time bishop of Berea, from whence he was translated to the see of Antioch in 325 by the unanimous suffrage of clergy and people (Theodoret, //. E. i, 7). At the Coun- cil of Nice, in 325, he earnestly opposed the Arians, who, at the (Arian) Synod of Antioch, A.D. 331, took their revenge upon him. Eusebius of Nicomedia (or Cyrus of Berea) charged him with Saliellianism (Socrates, //. E. i, 24) ; but, according to Sozomen (//. E. ii, 19), the pretext resorted to for his deposition was that he "had defiled the priesthood by unholj^ deeds." The synod de- posed him, and the people of Antioch was stirred by the act almost to the point of sedition. This angered Con- stantine, who, moreover, was now, under the influence of Eusebius of Nicomedia, favorable to the Arians. Eustathius had also incurred the ill will of Eusebius of Cassarea, whom he charged with unfaithfulness to the Nicene Creed. He was banished to Thrace, where he died before A.D. 337 (Socrates, i,24, 25; Sozomen, I.e.). His innocence as to the charge of immorality was fully shown by the confession of the woman who had sworn against him. The orthodox people of Antioch refused to acknowledge anj' other bishop, and, so long as the}' remained in this separate condition (until the fifth cen- tury), they were called Eustathians (Neander, Ch.Hist. Torrej^'s, ii, 411). Eustathius was a thorough oppo- nent of the school of Origen, and this constituted one of the points of antagonism between him and Eusebius of Cassarca. He was a copious writer, but only one work of his known to be genuine is now extant, viz. 'Kara 'QoLy'tvovq ciayviorr-iKug ti(j to r//c tyyacrrpo- fivOov 9tioni]i^ici, against Origen, on the subject of the Pythoness consulted by Saul. Origen had asserted that the witch of Endor had really brought up the spirit of Samuel ; Eustathius refutes him witli great acuteness, but also not without an unworthy disdain in replj'ing to so great a man. This treatise is to be found at the end of Leo Allatius's edition of the Ifeji- tcemeron (1G29, 4to, improperly ascribed to Eustathius). It is also given in the Crltica Sacra, viii, 331 sq., and in Bihl. Max. Patr. xvii. There are fragments of a trea- tise of his on The Soul, and of his Homilies; all of which, with the treatise against Origen above named, are given in Migne, Patrol. Grvc. sviii, G14 sq. See Fabricius, Bih. Grmca, ed. Harles, ix, 131 sq. ; Oudin, Script. Eccles. i, 317 sq. ; Ceillier, Autturs Sacres, Paris, 18G5, iii, 168 sq. ; Cave, Hist. Lit. Genev. 1720, i, 119 ; Lardner, Works, iv, 149; Dorner, Person of Christ, Ed- inburgh transl., div. i, vol. ii, p. 518 sq.