Grease (2r?n, che'leb, Psa. cxix, 70, fat [q. v.], as elsewhere rendered).
Great Britain and Ireland, the United King- dom OF, is, since the union of Ireland, the full official designation of the country more generalh' known as Great Britain, Britain, or the United Kingdom. It includes the two large islands of Great Britain (Eng- land and Scotland) and Ireland, and the adjacent small- er islands, together with the Channel Islands and the Isle of !Man. The island of Great Britain — so called to distinguish it from Britannia Minor, or Little Britain [see Bretagne], in France — lies between lat. 49° 57' 80" and 58° 40' 24" N., and between long. 1° 46' E. and G° 13' W., and is the largest island in Europe. It is bounded on the N. by the Atlantic, on the E. by the North Sen, on the S. by the English Channel, and on the W. by the Atlantic, the Irish Sea, and St. George's Channel. The most northerly point is Dunnet Head, in Caithness; the most southerly, Lizard Point, in Cornwall ; the most easterly, Lowestoft Ness, in Nor- folk; and the most westerly, Ardnamurchan Point, in Argj'leshire. Its greatest length is aljout 608 miles, and its greatest breadth (from Land's End to the east coast of Kent) aliout 320 miles, while its surface con- tains about 89,600 square miles. In addition to the home territories composing the kingdom. Great Brit- ain possesses a multitude of dependencies, some of them of vast extent, scattered over evorj- part of the globe, and constituting " an empire over which the sun never sets." According to the official census held in 1861 in the United Kingdom, and nearly all the colonies ex- cept British India, the extent and population of all the British dominions were in that year as follows :
Sq. Miles.
Inhabitants.
United Kingdom (inclusive of soldiers
121,115
3,364,722
933,722
122
512,193
106,449
130,756
7,647
2.5,485
2,582,070
29,321,288
9,264,243
135,571,3.51 16.5,317 3,3:!3.507 1,114,.50S 1,004,.595 7,426 2,363,767 1,322,937
Colonies and possessions (exclusive of
Bi-itisli India (exclusive of British armv, 62,8;i3 men)
West Indian I'lw.-e^sions
Islan<ls in tlie South Atlantic Ocean. .
I'oHSessions in tlie Indian Ocean
Australia and New Zealand
Total
4,419,559
174,156,882
Not included in this enumeration is the vast territory in North America which heretofore belonged to the Hudson's Bay Conqian}-, which in 1869 ceded its right of sovereignty. Added to the above total of square miles, this territory would increase the total extent of the British dominions to about seven millions of square miles, and make it, in point of extent, the first empire of the worhL The total population was estimated in 1809 at 200,000,000; and in this respect the liritish empire was the second of the'Avorld, being exceeded only liy the Chinese empire.
In England and Wales the Anglican Church is rec ognised as the state Church [see England, Chcrch of], and the sovereign must lielong to it. In Ireland the Anglican Church was also the established Church until 1869, when, after a long and violent struggle be- tween the Conservative and Liberal parties, it was disestablished. See Ireland. In Scotland the es- tablished Church is Presbyterian. See Scotland. According to the census returns of 1851 (in the census returns of 1861 religious statistics were not included), the number of places of worship, together with the sit- tings provided in England and Wales, and the estima- ted number of attendants on a particular daj-, were as follows :
Places
of Wor- eliip.
Sittings Provided.
Estimated Number of Attend- ants.
Establislied (Jliurcli
Wesleyan Metliodists (compris- ing seven distinct sects)
Independents or Congregation-
14,077
11,207
3,244
2,789
937
101
539
570
371
229
222
6
53
132
32
50
32
10
5,317,915
2,194,298
1,067,760
751,343
2.50,678
80.812
104,481
180,111
91,599
68,554
30,783
950
8,438
18,529
9,305
12,107
7,437
4,457
3,773,474
1,385,382
793,142
5''7,978
18(t,725
60,131
03,572
305,.393
18,172
37,156
18,800
587
4,150
10,414
7,364
7,082
4,908
2,612
Baptists (comprising six distinct sects)
Calvinistic Methodists
Scottish and Irish Presbyterians
Latter-day Saints, or Mormons. .
Foreign Protestant, Catholic, and
14,077j 5,317,915 3,773,474 20,390, 4,894,720 3,487,558
Total
34,467 10,212,035 7,261,032
SCOTLAND.
Places
of Wor- ship.
Sittings Provided.
Estimated Number of Attend- ants.
1183
889
465
39
36
134
192
23
119
S2
6
5
117 5
61 1 1
20 3
7C7,(K8 tTAf.RT]
495,335
288.100 10,<'09 16,424 40,022
70,342
10,319
20,0-^0
22,441
1,008
710
2.1.52
52,766
2,437
11,402
200
67
3,182
675
438,363
273,554
1.5,055
1.5,781
35,769
70,851
10,F89
24,330
21,768
S90
630
2,163
48,771
2,438
9,401
•J 00
07
3,177
675
United Presbyteiians
Reformed Presbyterians
Scotch ICpiscopalians
Independents or Congregation- alists
Glasites or Sandemanians
Unitarians
1183 2212
707,088 1 713,567 1,067,717 1 97.5,482
Total
3395 1 1.S34.S05 11. 089.0491
^ 1
" In England the chief institutions for education are the ancient national universities of Oxford and Cam- bridge ; the more recent institutions of London, Dur- ham, and Lampeter in Wales; the classical schools of Eton, Westminster, Winchester, Harrow, Charter- house, and Rugby; the various military schools; the colleges of the dissenting denominations; the middle- class schools, either started l)y individual teachers, and hence called ' adventure' schools, or by associated Ijod- ies, acting as directors, to whom the teachers are re- sponsible; the schools of design, and the various ele- mentary schools and training-colleges in connection with the different religious denominations. The num- ber of day-schools in England and Wales in 1851 was 46,042, of which 15,518 were public — i. e. schools deriv- ing a portion of their income from some source besides