GunxEL^rus
1029
GUISE
Guillelmus. See Wilham.
Guillemine or Guillemette, a Bohemian en- thusiast of the 13th century. She went from Bohe- mia to Milan, where she gave herself out as the daugh- ter of the queen of Bohemia (Constantia), pretending to have been conceived in a miraculous numner, like Christ. She professed to have tiie mission of saving bad Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans. Her pre- tended visions and semblance of asceticism gained her many adherents. The mysteries of her system are said to have been grossly immoral. Guillemine died iu 1280, according to Moreri (1300 according to Bossi), and was buried with great honors in the monastery of Chiaravalle, near Milan, founded by St. Bernard. The sect continued under the management of a priest, Andrew Saraniita, and of a nun of the order of Huniil- iati, whom Guillemine had herself pointed out for her successor. Six years after, however, their secret prac- tices were revealed, and the women were imprisoned and punished. Saraniita and Porovana were burnt after being condemned by the Inquisition, as was also the body of Guillemine, disinterred for the purpose. The house where the sect met was razed, and a her- mitage erected in its place ; it became afterwards part of a convent of Carmelites. Some writers have at- tempted to refute the accusation of immorality made against the sect. See Bossi, Chron. ; Mabillon, Mu- scsum Ital. vol. i ; Bayle, Diet. Hist. ; Hoefer, Nouvelle Biog. General?, xxii, 714 sq. (J. N. P.)
Guillon, INIarie Nicholas Silvestre, a French priest and distinguished humanist, was born at Paris Jan. 1, 1760. He studied at the colleges of Du Plessis and Louis-le-Grand, and acquired great proficiency not onl}' in theology, but in medicine, natural sciences, and mathematics. Received as professor in the university in 1789, he entered the Church, and became soon dis- tinguished as a preacher. He was afterwards almoner and librarian of the princess of Lamballe until her murder, Sept. 1792. He then fled to Sceaux, where, under the name of Pastel, he practiced medicine for some time to avoid persecution. He afterwards re- moved to Meaux, and in 1798 to Paris. Some time after he became connected with the abbot de Fontenaj' in the publication of the Journal general de Literature, des Sciences et des Arts. After the restoration of Ro- man Catholic worship he became honorary canon and librarian of the cathedral of Paris, then professor of rhetoric and homiletics in the theological faculty, and almoner of the college of Louis-le-Grand. He was af- terward sviccessiveljr appointed almoner of the duchess of Orleans in 1818, and inspector of the academy. His read}' acquiescence in the Revolution of 1830 excited the displeasure of the clergy, and it was with great difficulty the king succeeded in obtaining his appoint- ment as bishop of Beauvais. In this position he at- tended the last moments of the abbe Gregoire (q. v.), to whom he administered the sacraments. Severely censured for this, he referred the matter to the pope, resigning his bishopric in the mean time. Thanks to the interference of the court, the matter was settled, and Guillon was appointed bishop of Morocco in parti- bus infidelium., July 7, 1833. In 1837 he was appointed dean of the faculty of theology ; but, when the French government and the clergy entered into closer union, Guillon was sacrificed by being sent to Dreux to keep the chapel which had successively received the re- mains of several children of the king. He died in ]\Iontfcrmeil Oct. 16, 18J7. He was a most prolific writer. Among his theological works we notice the following: Qii'est-ce done quele pape? jmr vn pretre (Paris, 1789, 8vo) : — Collection eccles., ou repteil complet des ouvrages faits depuis Vouverture des (tats gkieraux relativement au clerge (Paris, 1791-1792, 7 vols. 8vo, un- der the name of Barruel) : — Paral!e!e d^s Revolutions sous le rapport des heresii-s qui ont dhole V Egliae (J" arin, 1791, 8voi often reprinted): — Bnfs et instructvytis du
saint-siege relatifs a la Revolution frangaise, etc. (Paris, 1799, 2 vols. 8vo): — Discours prononce dans leglike de St. Sulpice sur Vautorite de V Eglise romaine (Paris, 1802, 8vo) : — Hist, generale de la Philusophie ancienne et nio- demc, etc. ; ou supplement it, la Bibliothiique choisie des Pi'res grecs et latins (Paris, 1835, 2 vols. 8vo, and 4 vols,^ r2mo ; 1848, 4 vols. 12mo) ; Hist, de la nouvelle Heresie du xix""^ siecle, ou refutation des ouvrages de M. Vahhe de La Mennais (Paris, 1835, 3 vols. 8vo) : — Comparuison de la methode des Peres avec celle des j)redicatews du xic"" siecle (Paris, 1837, 8vo) : — Ouvres completes de St. Cijp- rien (transl., with a life of the saint, and notes ; Paris, 1837, 2 vols. 8vo) : — Examen critique des doctrines de Gibbon, du docteur Strauss et de M. Salvador, etc. (Paris, 1841, 8vo). See Leon Laj'a, Notice biog. (^Moniteur of Dec. 15, 1847) ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxii, 73G sq.
Guilt. See Sm.
Guilty, besides its proper signification, occurs in the A. V. in the sense oi liable as a rendering of "IIJI, Numb. XXXV, 31 ; h'oxoQ, Matt, xxvi, GG ; Mark xiv, 64; and o^tiXw, Matt, xxiii, 18, like the Lat. i-eus.
Guion. See Guyon.
Guiscard or Gviichard de Beaulieu, an An- glo-Norman poet, who flourished probably in the reign of Stephen, and died in the beginning of the reign of Henry II of England. He is known by a poem of some length bearing the title of Sermon of Guiscard de Beaulieu (le sermun Guischart de Beauliu in the Har- leian MS.), which is a satire against the vices of his day. According to this poem, Guiscard, disgusted with the follies and vanities in which he had passed his youth, retired to a monastery. Walter Mapes, a con- teiliporarj', or nearly contemporary writer, states (De Nugis C ur ial. A'l&t. i, c. 13) that Guiscard was a man distinguished for his wealth and valor, who in his old age surrendered his estates to his son, and, entering a Cluniac monastery, became so eminent a poet in his vernacular (Anglo-Norman) as to be styled the "Ho- mer of the laity" (laicorum llomerus'). Of the Sermon, which is all now known of his writings, there is a MS. of the 12th century in the British jMuseum (.^IS. Ilarl. No. 4388), and an imperfect one in the Bibliotheque Im- periale of France (No. 1856 — given liy De la Rue as No. 25G0). From this last IMS. an edition of the Sermon was published by Jubinal (Paris, 1834, 8vo). This poem is written in the versification of the earlier met- rical romances, and exhibits considerable poetical tal- ent, and frequently' elegance and energy of expression. — Wright, Biog. Brit. Lit. Anglo-Norman Period, p. 131 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxii, 771. (J. W. M.)