Hazar- (also H.vzor-) is frequently prefixed to ge- ographical names, in order to indicate their dependence as villages ("i^n, chatser', a hamlet; see Village) upon some town or other noted spot, or in order to distinguish them from it ; e. g. those folio whig. " The word Hazar,
wlien joined to places situated in the desert or on the outskirts of the inhabited country, as it frequently is, probably denoted a piece of ground surromided by a rude but strong fence, where tents could be pitched, and cattle kept m safety from marauders. Such places are very common at the present day in the outlying dis- tricts of Palestine. In other cases Hazar maj' denote a ' castle' or ' fortified town' " (I\itto). Comp. Hazeu.
Haz'ar - ad'dar (Heb. Chatsar' - Addar' , isri "I'JN, vill:i(/e of Addar ; Sept. tTrauXig 'Apctd, v. r. 'Ao- Sapd and ^apaSa), a place on the southern boimda- ry of Palestine, between Kadesh-Barnea and Azmon (Numb, xxxiv, 4) ; elsewhere called simply Adar (Josh. XV, 3). See Hazeriji. It probably lay in the desert west of Kadesh-Barnea (q. v.), perhaps at the junction of wadys El-Fidvreh and El-^Madiu-ah, east of Jebcl Bladurah. See Tribe. Rev. J. Rowlands thought he discovered both this locality and that of the adjoin- ing Azmon in the fountains which he calls A deirat and Aseimet, west of wady el-^\rish (Williams, Ifolij City, i, 4G7) ; but the names are more correctly Kudcirat and Kusaimet, and the locality is too far west.
Ha'zar-e'xian Qlah. Chatsar' -Eynan',''^:'^-J "i^n, village of fountains, also [in Ezek. xlvii, 17] Ha'zar- e'non, Chatsar' -Eynon', "(ii"^? ^^t!!' ^^- >' Sept. 'Amp- vaiv or )) av\i^ tov Aivav), a place on the boundary of Palestine, apparently at the north-eastern corner, between Ziphron and Shepham (Numb, xxxiv, 9, 10), not far from the district of Hamath, in Damascene SjTia (Ezek. xlvii, 17 ; xlviii, 1). Schwarz {Palestine, p. 20, note) thinks it identical with the village Deir- Ila/wn, in the valley of the Eijeh or Amana, near Da- mascus; but there is no probability that this was in- cluded within the limits of Canaan. "Porter would identify Hazar-enan with Ku?-yetein=^ the two cities,' a village more than sixty miles east-north-east of Da- mascus, the chief ground for the identification appar- ently being the presence at Kuryetein of ' large foun- tains,' the only ones in that ' vast region,' a circumstance with which the name of Hazar-enan well agrees {Da- mascus, i, 252 ; ii, 358). The great distance from Da- mascus and the body of Palestine is the main impedi- ment to the reception of this identification" (Smith). We must therefore seek for Hazar-enan somewhere in the well-watered tract at the north-western foot of IMount Hermon, perhaps the present Ilasbeya, near which are four springs (Ain Kmiieb, A. Tmta, A. Ata, and A. Her- sha). See Haspeya,
Ha'zar-gad'dah (Heb. Chatsar' -Gaddah'', 'n;in iTliI, village of fortune ; Sept. 'Aatpya^cci v. r. Sfpti/K)? a city on the southern border of Judah, mentioned be- tween Moladah and Heshmon (.Josh, xv, 27). Jlodern- ^N-riters (see Roland, Palwst. p. 707), following the sug- gestion of Jerome {Onomast. s. v. ; who, as suggested by Schwarz, Palestine, p. 100, has probably confounded this place with En-Gedi), have sought for it near the Dead Sea ; but the associated names appear to locate it nearer midway towards the Mediterranean. See H.vzerim. Mr. Grove suggests {Smith, Diet. s. v.) that it is possibly the modem ruined site marked as Jurrah on Van de Velde's Map, west of el-Melh (Moladah) , " by the change so frequent in the East (V) of D. to R." See Judah, Tribe of.
Ha'zar-hat'ticon (Hebrew Chatsar' hat-Tikon', '('"IDiriri "l^n, hamlet of the midioay, q. d. middle village ; Sept. confusedly 'Etiadv Kai rov Evvav v. r. aliXi) tov ^avvdv,Yn]f!;.<lomus Tichon), a place on the northern boundary of Palestine, near Hamath, and in the confines of Hauran (Ezek. xlvii, 16) ; apparently, therefore, on the northern brow of Mount Hermon, which may have given origin to the name as a point of division between Ccele-SjTia and Damascene Syria. It is possibly only an epithet of the Hazor (q. v.) of Naphtali.
Hazajona' veth ( Hebrew Cilvts.vb - 3ia'\-eth,
HAZAR-SHUAL
106
HAZEL
r^^^'Sn, court of death; Sept. '2apfiwSr and 'ApafiwB, Tuig! Asarmoth), the name of the tliird son of Joktan, or, rather, of a district of Arabia FcHx settled by him (Gen. X, 26 ; 1 Chron. i, 20) ; supposed to be preserved in the modern province of Iladramaiit, situated on the Indian Ocean, and abounding in frankincense, mjTrh, and aloe; but (as intimated in the ominous name) noted for the insalubritv of the climate (Abidfeda, Aruhia, p. 45; Niebuhr, Beschrieb. dtr Arab. p. 283; Kitter, ErdL XI, iii, 009). It was known also to the classical wTiters (XaruafiioTHTai, xvi, 7G8; Xarpafiiiirai or Xarpa/iw- v'lrat, Ptol. vi, 7, 25 : Atramita, Dion. Perieg. 957 ; Xa- Tpafioinnjc, Steph. Byz. p. 755).— Winer; Gesenius. This identiiication of the locaUty rests not only on the occurrence of the name, but is supported by the proved fact that Joktan settled in the Yemen, along the south coast of .\rabia, by the physical characteristics of the inhabitants of this region, "and by the identification of the names of several others of the sons of Joktan. The province of Hadramaut is situated east of the modern Yemen (anciently, as shown in the article Arabia, the limits of the latter province embraced ahnost the whole of the south of the peninsida), extending to the districts of Shihr and Mahreh. Its capital is Shibam, a very ancient city, of which the native writers give curious accounts, and its chief ports are Mirbat, Zafari [see Se- riiAu], and Kishhn, whence a great trade was carried on in ancient times with India and Africa. Hadramaut itself is generally cultivated, in contrast with the contig- uous sandy deserts (called El-Ahkaf, where lived the gigantic race of Ad), is partly mountainous, with wa- tered valleys, and is still celebrated for its franldncense (El-Idrisi, ed. Jomard, i, 54; Niebuhr, Bescrip. p. 245), exporting also gum-arabic, mjTrh, dragon's blood, and aloes, the latter, however, being chiefly from Socotra, which is under the rule of the sheik of Keshim (Nie- buhr, 1. c. sq.). The early kings of Hadramaut were Joktanites, distinct from the descendants of Yaarub, the progenitor of the Joktanite Arabs generally; and it is hence to be inferred that they were separately descend- ed from Hazarmaveth. They maintained their ind'-- pendencc against the powerful kings of Himyer uiitil the latter were subdued at the Abyssinian invasion (Ibn-Khaldiin, ap. Caussin, Essrii, i, 135 sq.). The mod- ern people, although mixed with other races, are strong- ly cliaracterized by fierce, fanatical, and restless dispo- sitions. They are enterprising merchants, well known for their trading and travelling propensities. — Smith, s. V.