HAZEZON-TAMxVR
108
HAZOR
, 280) ; a position far too north-
el-Kvdnrah, a large fountain of sweet running water at some distance bevoncl the ridge wliicli boimds the west- ern edge of the" interior plateau of the desert et-Tih (Kobinson's Researchet ward.
Haz'ezon-ta'mar (Hebrew Chatsatson'-Tamar', -,-;n yi'^n, V,m. xlv, 7; Sept, 'AaaaovSia^iap), or 1IAZ'AZ()N-TA'MAR (Heb. [precisely the converse of the rendering in the A.V.] Chatsetson'-Tcmar', 'I'li^^n t^ari, 2 Chron. xx, 2; Sept. 'Aaaaav Oafiap), the name under which, at a verj- early period in the history of I'alcstine, and in a document believed by many to be the oldest of all these early records, we first hear of the place which afterwards became En-gedi (q. v.). The Amoritcs were dwelling at Ilazazon-Tamar when the four kings made their incursion, and fought their suc- cessfid battle with the five (Gen. xiv, 7). The name occurs only once again— in the records of the reign of Hczekiah "(2 Chrcn. xx, 2)— when he is warned of the approach of the horde of Ammonites, Jloabites, Mehu- nim, and men of Mount Scir, whom he aftenvards so completely destroyed, and who were no doubt pursuing thus far exactly the same route as the Assyrians had done a thousand years before them. Here the expla- nation, "which is En-gedi,"is added. The existence of the earlier appellation, after En-gedi had been so long in use, is a remarkable instance of the tenacity of these old Oriental names, of which more modem instances are frccpient. See Acciio ; Bethsaida, etc. Schwarz, however, unnecessarily supposes {Palest, p. 21) the two passages to refer to different localities, the earlier of \vhich he assigns (on Talmudical evidence) to Zoau (q. v.).
Hazazon-tamar is interpreted in Hebrew to mean the '■•pnuihiri or falling of t\\c palm" (Gesen. Tfies. p. 512), or i)erhaps t)ctter, "« row of palm-trees" (Flirst, Lex. s. v.). Jerome {Qnmat. in Gen.) renders it urhs palmarum. This interpretation of the name is borne out by the an- cient rcinitation of the palms of En-gedi (Ecclus. xxiv, 14, and the citations from Pliny, given under that name). The Samaritan Version has "^nD J''ba=the Valley of Cadi, possibly a corruption of En-gedi. The Targums have En-(jedi. Perhaps this was the "city of palm- trees" (/?• hat-temarim) out of which the Kenites, the tribe of Moses's father-in-law, went up into the wilder- ness of Judah, after the conquest of the country (Judg. i, IC). If this were so, the allusion of Balaam to the Kenite (Numb, xxiv, 21) is at once explained. Stand- ing as he was on one of the lofty points of the highlands ojiposite Jericho, the western shore of the Dead Sea as far as En-gedi would be before him, and the cliff, in the clefts of which the Kenites had fixed their secure "nest," would be a prominent object in the view. This has been alluded to bj^ Prof. Stanley {S. and P. p. 225, n. 4). — Smith, s. v. De Saulcy {Narrative, i, 149) and Scliwarz {Palestine, p. 109) think that a trace of the aniicnt name is preserved in the tract and wady el-IIit- .v«,syr// ( liobinson's Reseairhes, ii, 243, 244), a little north of Aiii-Jidy.
Ha'ziel (Heb. C/iaziel', hii'^m, vision of God; Sept. 'A'Ch'iX v. r. 'IfoyX), a "son" of the Gershonite Shimoi, and chief of the familv of Laadan (1 Chron. xxiii, 9). B.C. Kill.
Ha'zo (llcb. O/ar.o', nn, perhaps for riTttt, vision; Sept. 'A4'«r;,Vulg. Azaii), one of ilie sons of Nahor by :Milcah (den. xxii, 22). B.C. cir. 2040. The only clew to the locality settled by him is to be found in the iden- tification of Chesed, and the other sons of Nahor; and hence he must, in all likelihood, be placed in Ur of the Chaldees, or tlie adjacent comitries. Bunsen {Bibel- verk, I, ii, 49) suggests Chazene by the Euphrates (Ste- phan. Byzant.), in Mesopotamia, or the Chazene (Xa- ?>j)'//) in AssjTia (Strabo, xvi, p. 73G).— Smith.
Ha'zor (Heb. Chatsor', lisn, villufje [see Ha-
ZER-] ; Sept. 'Affojp, but jy avXi] in Jer. xlix, 28, 30, 33), the name of several places. See also En-Hazor ; Baal- Hazok; Hazor-Hadattah ; Hazerim.
1. A city near the waters of lake Merom (Huleh), the seat of Jabin, a powerfid Canaanitish king, as ap- pears from the summons sent by him to all the neighbor- ing kings to assist him against the Israelites (Josh, xi, 1 -5). He and his confederates were, however, defeated and slain by Joshua, and the city burned to the ground (Josh, xi, 10-13 ; Josephus, Ant. v, 5, 1) : being the only one of those northern cities wliicli was burned by Joshua, doubtless because it was too strong and important to leave standing in his rear. It was the principal city of the whole of North Palestuie, " the head of all those kingdoms" (Josh, x, 10 ; see Jerome, Onomast. s. v. Asor). Like the other strong places of that part, it stood on an eminence (bo. Josh, xi, 13, A.Y. "strength"), but the district around must have been on the whole flat, and suitable for the mancou^Tes of the " very many" chariots and horses which formed part of the forces of the king of Hazor and his confederates (Josh, xi, 4, 6, 9 ; Judg. iv, 3). But by the time of Deborah and Barak the Canaanites had recovered part of the territory then lost, had rebuilt Hazor, and were nded by a king with the ancient royal name of Jabin, under whose power the Israelites were, in punishment for their sins, re- duced. From this yoke they were delivered by Debo- rah and Barak, after which Hazor remained in quiet possession of the Israelites, and belonged to the tribe of Naphtali (Josh, xix, 36; Judg. iv, 2; 1 Sam. xii, 9). Solomon did not overlook so important a post, and the fortification of Hazor, Megiddo, and Gezer, the points of defence for the entrance from Syria and Assyria, the plain of Esdraelon, and the great maritime lowland re- spectively, was one of the chief pretexts for his le\y of taxes (1 Kings ix, 15). Later still it is mentioned in the list of the to'nTis and districts whose inhabitants were canied off to Assyria by Tiglath-Pileser (2 Kings XV, 29 ; Josephus, ^«f. ix, 11, 1), We encoimter it once more in 1 Mace, xi, G7, where Jonathan, after encamp- ing for the night at the " water of Gennesar," advances to the " plain of Asor" (Josephus, A nt. xiii, 5, 7 ; the Greek text of the Maccabees has prefixed an n from the preceding word irtSiov ; A. V. " Nasor") to meet Deme- trius, who was in possession of Kadesh (xi, G3 ; Jose- phus as above). See Nasor. Eaumer queries wheth- er it may not have been the ancient town of N'aason, which king Baldwin IV passed on his way from Tibe- rias to Saphet ("Will. Tjt. p. 1014) ; and his reason for this conjectiu-e is that the Vulgate gives Naason for the Asor (Affwp) of Tobit i, 1 (Eaumer, Paldstina, p. 114, n.). See Asor.