Hay (T^^H, chatsir', grass. Job viii. 12; xl, 15; Psa. civ, 14; leeks. Numb, xi, 15; also a court-yard, Isa. xxxiv, 13 ; xxxv, 7 ; Greek ;^ojd-oc, fodder, i. e. yrass or herbage. Matt, vi, 30, etc., or growing grain, JIatt. xiii, 26, etc.). We are not to suppose that this word, as used in the Bible, denotes dried grass, as it does with us. The management of grass by the He- brews, as food for cattle, was entirely different from ours. Indeed, hay was not in use, straw being used as provender. The grass was cut green, as it was wanted ; and the phrase moum-grass (Psa. Ixxii, 6) would be more properly rendered ,<7r«ss that has just been fed off. So in Prov. xxvii, 25, the word translated hay means the first shoots of the grass; and the whole passage miglit better be rendered, "The grass appeareth, and the green herb showeth itself, and the plants of the moimtains are gathered." In Isa. xv, 6, hay is put for (irass. In summer, when the plains are parched with drought, and every green herb is dried up, the nomades proceed northwards, or into the mountains, or to the banks of rivers ; and in winter and spring, when the rains have reclothed the plains with verdiu-e, and filled the water-courses, they return. — Bastow. See Grass ; Leek: Fuel; Mowixg,
Haydn, Joseph, one of the greatest composers of Church music in modern times, was born March 31, 1732, at Kohran, in Austria. The son of parents who were very fond of music, he showed from his earliest youth a remarkable talent for the art. He stuelied first with a relative in Haimbiu-g; and, from his eighth to his six- teenth year, he was in the choir of St. Stephen's Cathe- dral at Vienna. After this, for a time, he supported himself by giving private instruction. The first six piano-sonatas of Em. Bach fell into his hands by acci- dent, and filled him with enthusiasm. The celebrated Italian singer Porpora, whom he accompanied on the piano in musical cii'cles, introduced him into the high- est classes of society. Encouraged from all sides, he ■wrote several quartettes (wliich, however, did not es- cape censure) and trios, and his first opera, Der hin- Jxiule Teufel, for which he received 24 ducats. In 1759 he received from count Morzin an appomtment as mu- sical director, and soon after contracted a marriage, which, however, remained without children, and was, in general, not a happy one. In 1760 he ^vas appointed by
prince Esterhazy as chapel-master, which position al- lowed him for thirty years to give free jilay to liis music- al genius. During this time, which was mostly spent at Eisenstadt, Hungary, or (during winter montlis) in Vi- enna, he composed most of his symjihonies, many quar- tettes, trios, etc., 163 compositions for the baryton (the favorite instrument of the prince), eighteen operas, the oratorio II Ritomo di Tobia (1774), fifteen masses and other ecclesiastical works, music for Goethe's "(iijtz von Berlichingeii," and the composition of the " Seven Words," which in 1795 was ordered from Cadiz as an in- strumental composition to be played between the lessons of the Seven Words. Dismissed from his position after the death of prince Esterhazy (1790), but retaining his title and his salary, he went as concert director to Lon- don, where he attained the zenith of his artistic career. During his two stays in London (1790-92 and 1794-95) he wrote the operas Orfeo awA Eur y dice, his 12 so-called English symphonies, quartettes, and other works. He was constantly employed as leader in concerts and socie- ties, and was overwhelmed with marks of love and af- fection. After returning to Vienna, he composed, in 1797, his great oratorio The Creation, which was finished in April, 1798, and produced for the first time on March 19, 1799, in Vienna, and soon after in all the large cities of Eiu-ope, with immense applause. It remains to this day the greatest of sacred oratorios, except Hiindel's Mes- siah. In the mean while he finished his last oratorio, The four Seasons (text by Van Swieten after Tliomson), which was produced for the first time April 24, 1801. Iledied May 31, 1809. According to a list of his works, prepared by Haychi himself, they comprise 118 sympho- nies, 83 quartettes, 24 trios, 19 operas, 5 oratorios, 163 compositions for the baryton, 24 concerts for different instruments, 15 masses, 44 piano sonatas, 42 German and Italian hymns, 39 canons, 10 Church compositions, 13 songs in three or foiur parts, the harmony and the ac- companiment for 365 old Scotch airs, and several smaller pieces. In the library of the Esterhazy family at Eiseai- stadt, many unpublished manuscripts are said to Le still extant. See Framery, Notice sur J. II. (Paris, 1810) ; Pohl, Mozart und Haydn in London (Vienna, 1867, 2 vols.). (A. J. S.)
Haymo, Haimon, Haimo, or Aimo, a theolo- gian of the 9th century, the jilace of whose birth (about A.D. 778) is uncertain. In his youth he embraced the rule of St. Benedict in the abbey of Fulda ; afterwards he studied under Alcuin, at St. Martin of Tours, with Rabanus Maurus. He then appears successively as teacher at Fuhla, as abbot of Hirschfeld, in the diocese of jSIentz, and finally bishop of Halberstadt (Saxony) in 841. He was present at the Council of jMentz in 847, and died jMarch 23 (or 26), 853. His writings, which are chiefly compilations from the fathers, enjoy- ed great reputation; they consist of, GIosscb continum super Psalterium (Colon. 1523, 8vo; 1561, 8vo): — /ra Cantica Canticorum (Colon. 1519, fol. ; Worms, 1631, 8vo, etc.) : — Glossce in Isaiam (Colon, and Paris, 1531, 8vo) -.—Glossal in Jeremiam, Ezechielem, et Danielem (so scarce that some doubt their having been printed at all) : — In duodecim Prophetas minares (Colon. 1519, et al.) : — Homilice super Evangelia totiiis anni (Colon. 1531 ; Paris, 1533; Antw. 1559) -—In Epistolas S. Pauli (now generally supposed, however, to be by St. Remy of Au- xerre) : — Super Apocalypsim Explanatio (Colon, and Paris, 1531, 8vo) : — De Corpore et Sanguine Christi (D'Achery, Spicilegium, i, 42) : — De varietate lihrorurr. tres libri (Paris and Colon. 1531, 8vo) -.Sreviarium Uis- torim ecclesiasticos (Colon. 1531, 8vo; often reprinted). Other works have been ascribed to him by Johannes Trithemius, but it is not certain that they were by him ; and, at any rate, they are now lost. His ^mtbigs are col- lected in Migne, Patrol. Latina, vols, cxvi, cxvii, exviii. See Lelong, Bibl. Sacra ; Trithemius, De eccles. Script. ; Hist, litter, de la France, v, 111-126 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gener. xxiii, 121 ; Clarke, Succession of Sac. Literature, ii, 506 ; Mosheim, Ch. History, cent, ix, pt. ii, ch, ii, n. 50.