Ha'zar-shu'al (Hebrew Cliatsar' - ShuaV , "n^rt b^Tr, rilldfje of the jackal ; Sept. 'AdfljOcroiiXa, 'Et7fp- (TovtiX and 'AcipatDaX), a city on the southern border of Judah (Josh, xv, 28; Nch. xi, 26, where it is men- tioned l)ctween Beth-palet and I?eer-sheba), afterwards included in the territory of Simeon (Josh, xix, 3; 1 Chron. iv, 28, where it is mentioned between IMoladah and IJalah) ; hence probably midway between the Dead Sea and the Mediterranean. See Hazeium. Van de Velde, on his ^fap, conjectures the site to be that of the ruins Sairr/i, which he locates nearly half way be- tv.een Itrcr-Hicba and Moladah. But see Shejia.
Ha'zar-su'sah (Hebrew Cliafsar'-Stisah', "12)1 nO'D, vUhif/e of the horse, Josh, xix, 5 ; Sept. 'Anip- ffoi^ff/'/j.Yulg. Jlasersusa), or HA'ZAK-SU'SIM {Chat- sar'-Susim' ,^''^''\'0 "i^ri, rllfar/e of horses, 1 Chron. iv, 31 ; Sept. j//(i(Ti» 2ajff()K,A'ulg. //(isersitsim), a city of the tribe of Simeon, mentioned between Beth-marcaboth and Betli-lebaoth or Beth-birci ; doubtless, as thought by Schwarz (Paksf. p. 124), the same as Sansannaii, in the south border of Judah (.losh. xv, 31), one of Sol- omon's "chariot-cities" (2 Cliron. i, 14). See Haze- rim. It is true that "neither it nor its companion, Betii-marcabotii, the ' house of chariots,' is named in the list of the towns of Judah in chap, xv, but they are included in those of Simeon in 1 Chron. iv, 81, with the
express statement that they existed before and up to the time of David" (Smith). Stanley suggests, "In Bethmarkuhnih, ' the house of chariots,' and Ilazar-su- sim, ' the village of horses,' we recognise the depots and stations for the horses and chariots, such as those which in Solomon's time went to and fro between Egj-pt and Palestine" {Sin. and Pal. p. 160). " It is doubtful wheth- er there was any such communication between those coimtries as early as the time of Joshua ; but may not the rich grassy plains around Beersheba (Robinson, Bib. Res. i, 203) have been used at certain seasons by the ancient tribes of Southern Palestine for pasturing their war and chariot horses, just as the grassy plains of Jau- lan are used at the present day by the Druse chiefs of Lebanon, and the Turkish cavalry and artillery at Da- mascus?" (Kitto). "Still it is somewhat difficult to ascribe to so early a date the names of places situated, as these were, in the Bedouin country, where a chariot must have been unknown, and where even horses seem carefully excluded from the possessions of the inhabit- ants— ' camels, sheep, oxen, and asses' (1 Sam. xxvii, 9)" (Smith). Haz'azon-ta'mar (2 Chron. xx, 2). See Haze-
ZOX-TAMAR.
Hazel (1^^, luz, of doubtful etymology [see Luz] ; Sept. Kapnu'i;, Vulgate umygdalinys), apparently a nut- bearing tree, which occurs in Gen. xxx, 37, where it in- dicates one of the kinds of rod from which Jacob peeled the bark, and which he placed in the water-troughs of the cattle. Authorities are divided between the hazel or walnut and the almond-tTee, as representing the liiz; in favor of the former we have Kimchi, Jarchi, Luther, and others ; while the Vulgate, Saadias, and Gesenius adopt the latter view. The rendering in the Sept. is equally applicable to either. On the one hand is ad- duced the fact that in the Arabic we have louz, which is indeed the same word, and denotes the almond. Thus Abu'l-Fadli, as quoted by Celsius {Hierobot. i, 254), says, " Louz est arbor nota, et magna, foliis moUibus. Species diue, hortensis et silvestris. Hortensis quoque dua? sunt species, dulcis et amara ;" where reference is evidently made to the sweet and bitter almond. Other Arab au- thors also describe the almond under the name of louz. But this name was well known to the Hebrews as indi- cating the almond ; for R. Saadias, in Ab. Esra's Com- ment., as quoted by Celsius (p. 253), remarks: "Lus est amygdalus, quiaita eam appellant Arabes ; nam ha; duse lingua?, et Syriaca, ejusdem sunt familiaj." It is also al- leged that there is another word in the Hebrew lan- guage, egoz (TiaX), which is applicable to the hazel 03
Amygdalus Communis.
HAZELELPONI
107
HAZEROTH
wdmtt. See Nrx. The stron,c;est argument on the oth- er side arises from the circumstance of another word, shdked OVP)^ having reference to the almond; it is supposed, however, that the latter applies to the fruit exclusivel}', and the word under discussion to the tree ; Koscnmiilier identities the shaked with the cultivated, and ^M3 with the wild almond tree, — Kitto; Smith. See Fruit.
The almond is diffused by culture from China to Spain, and is found to bear fruit well on both sides of the IMed- iterranean ; hut there is no region where it thrives bet- ter than Sj-ria, or where it is so truly at home. Accord- inglv. ^vhen Jacob was sending a present of those pro- dnftiiMis of Canaan which were likely to be acceptable to an Egy|)tian grandee, "the best fruits of the land," besides lialni, and myrrh, and honey, he bade his sons take "nuts and almonds" (Gen. xliii, 11) ; and the orig- inal name of that i)lacc so endeared to his memory as Bethel, originally called Luz, was probably derived from some well-known tree of this species. To this day " Jor- dan almonds" is the recognised market-name for the best samples of this fruit, in common with Tafilat dates, Eleme tigs, etc. The name, however, is little more than a tradition. The best " Jordan almonds" come from Mal- aga.—Fairbairn. See Aljiond.