Lang, Lorenz Johann Jakob, a German theo- logian, born in Selb, in the principality of Baireuth, on May 10, 1731, was the son of a stocking-maker, and be- ing destined by his father to follow the same trade, he contended in his desire for study, which he early manifested, with many difficulties. By the assistance of his pastor, liowever, he acquired a thorough knowl- edge of the Latin and Greek, and entered in 1743 the lyceum at Culmbach. Indefatigable in his industry, he became thoroughly versed in ]>hilosophy and the- ology', as is evinced in the disputations De prcestan- tia philosophice ]Vol fiance, and De pontijice coelesti Novi Te'stamenti, after the defence of which he entered the University of Erlangeu in 1751. After quitting Erlan- gen, he went to Baireuth in 175G as tutor. A few months later he became snbrector in Baireuth. In 1758 he was appointed professor of the Oriental languages and of the ffne arts at the Gymnasium of Baireuth. In 17G7 he was appointed court librarian, and in 1789 the first professor and inspector of the alumni, and in 1795 the lirst counsellor. He died Sept. 18, 1801. Lang wrote extensively, but most of his wTitings are in the form of dissertations. A complete list is given by Doring, Ge- lehrte Theol. Deutschlands, vol. ii, s. v.
Lang (OF WKLLi.;NBURo),Matthaus, a noted Ger- man prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, an acknowl- edged natural brother of the emperor ^Maximilian I, was born in Augsburg in 1469, and educated at the Univer- sity of Ingolstadt. He was secretary first to Frederick HI and later to Maximilian I. At the same time he held positions in the Church. He was successively priest at Augsburg and Constance until 1505, when he was ap- pointed I)ishop of Gurk. Inclined towards the schis- matics of the Council of Pisa, and feared on account of his influence over the emperor, who was following the lead of Lang, the youthful liishop received the cardinal's hat from pope Julius II in 1511. Of course the conferred honor made the trusted adviser of IMaximilian an obe- dient servant of the pontitT. Lang rested not until peace was restored lietwecn emperor and pope, so long at va- riance. Sec Latkkan, Couxcii. of, 1513 ; I'isa, Cofx- cir. of; Julius H. In 1514 he was made coadjutor of the archbishop of Salzburg, and Lu 1519 sole incumbent
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of that archiepiscopal see. In 1518 ho attended the diet at Augsburg, and was active both for the election of Charles V as king of Kome, and the submission of Lu- ther. First incUned to liberal action towards those who clamored for reform, threatening to quit the Church un- less their wishes were heeded, he changed front sudden- ly after he had gained over Johann Staupitz (q. v.) ; crushed the revolutionarj' movements of the Salzburgers in 152o : in the year following joined the Komish Learjue (q. V.) ; and in 15'25, assisted by Bavaria, suppressed the peasant insurrections. At tlie Diet of Augsburg in 1530 he openly declared himself a bitter opponent of Luther. He died in March, 1540. A narrative of cardinal Lang's travels in Austria, Hungary, and the Tyrol was publish- ed by his chaplain Bartholinus, under the title Odepor- icon de Mattkcei cardinalis (Vienna, 1511, 4to). This work is now very rare (comp. Gotz, iJresdener Bibliotheh lii, 37). Vehse {Memoirs of the Court, A ristocracy and Dij)loinctcy of Austria [transl. by Demmler, Lond. 1856, 2 vols. sm. 8voJ, i, 31) thus comments on his character : '•Lang was an exceetUngly eloquent and adroit man, ret he was just as famous for his elasticity of conscience as for cleverness. He surpassed in splendor all the car- dinals and archbishops of his time, and in this respect certainly did not belie his Cesarean descent." See also Hansitz, Germania Sacra, vol. ii ; DUcker, Chronik v. Salzburg; Braun, Gesch. d. B. B. V. Augsburg, vol. iii ; Veith. Bibliotheca Avgustana, Alphabet v, p. 25-1 IG; "\Vetzer und Welte, Kirchen-Lex. vi, 318. See also the article M.vxiMiLi.v^f. (J. H. W.)
Langbaine, Geraud, D.D., .on English divine and philologist, was born at Bartonkirke, in Westmoreland, about 1008. He studied at Blencow, Cumberland, then became successively a servitor, scholar, and fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, and held the places of keeper of archives to the university and provost of his college for a good many years before his death, which happened in 1658. He was a studious and timid man, who con- trived to steer through the political storms of his time without giving serious offence to any party. He edited Longinus, and published several works of his own, chief- ly on Church questions. The most important of them are. Episcopal Inheritance, etc. (Oxford, 1641, 4to) : — A Reriew of the Covenant (Oxford, 1644 ; Lond. 1661, 4to) : — Qucsstiones pro more solemni in Vesperiis propositce ann. 1651 (Oxf. 1658, 4to). He also worked on Usher's Chronologia Sacra, transl. from the French into Eng- lish an account of the Council of Trent (Oxford, 1638, fol.), and is considered the author of .4 Vino of the New Directory, and a Vimlicntion of the ancient Liturgy of the Church of England (Oxford", 1645, 4to). He left also some unprintcd collections, including several catalogues of MSS., which have often been referred to by A\'arton and others. See WooA, Athence Oxon. vol. ii; Chaufe- pie, Xouveau Dictionnaire Ilistorique ; English Cyclopm- dia ; Hoefer, Xouv. Biog. Gen. xxix, 384. (J. N. P.)