JEamet tlZhcHU.
Vicinity of Abraham's Cemetery. (The sites are marked according to tradition.)
the great Haram, which covers the cave of Machpelah (Stanley, Sermons in the East, p. 166 sq. ; Ritter, Pal. laid Si/r, iii, 222 sq.). The tradition which identified Mamre with Ramet el-Khulil may have originated in the existence of a grove of venerable oaks on that spot, just as now the great oak a mile or more west of the town is called 'Abraham's Oak' (Porter, Handbk. i, 70)" (Kitto). See Abi;ahaji.
Mamu'chus (IMa/<or'xof, Vulg. Mcduchus), given (1 Esdr. ix, 20) by corruption for Malluch (q. v.) of the Heb. list (Ezra x, 29).
Man is the rendering mostly of four Hebrew and two Greek words in the English Version. They are used with as much precision as the terms of like import in other languages. Nor is the subject merely critical ; it will be found connected with accurate interpretation. In our treatment of the subject -we partly adopt the statements given in Kitto's and Smith's Dictionaries.
1. C1X, adam', is used in several senses, (a.) It is the proper name of the first man, though Gesenius thinks that when so applied it has tlie force rather of an ajipel- lative, and that, accordingly, in a translation, it would be better to render it the man. It seems, however, to be used bv Luke as a proper name in the genealogy (iii, 38), by Paul (Rom. v. 14 ; 1 Tim. ii, 13, 14), and by Jude (ver. i4). I'aul's use of it in 1 Cor. xv, 45 is remarka-
MAN
688
MAN
l)lv clear: "the first man Adam." It is so employed throii<;liout the Apocrypha without exception (2 Esdr. iii, 6, 10, 21, 2G; iv, 30; vi, 54; vii, 11, 46, 48; Tohit viii, C; Ecdus. xxxiii, 10; xl, 1; xlix, 16), and by Jo- sephiis {lit infra). Gesenius argues that, as applied to the first man, it has the article almost without excep- tion. It is doubtless often thus used as an appellative, but the exceptions are decisive : Gen. iii, 17, " to Adam he said,'" aud see Sept., Dent, xxxii, 8, " the descendants of Adam ;" •' if I covered my transgressions as Adam" (Job xxxi, 33); "and unto Adam he said," etc. (Job xxviii, 28), which, when examined by the context, seems to refer to a primeval revelation not recorded in Genesis (see also Hos. vi, 7, Hcb. or margin). Gesenius further argues that the ^voman has an apfiropriate name, but that the man has none. But the name Eve was given to her by Adam, aud, as it would seem, under a change of circumstances; and though the divine origin of the word Adam, as a proper name of the first man, is not recorded in the history of the creation, as is that of the day, night, heaven, earth, seas, etc. (Gen. i, 5,8, 10), yet its divine origin as an appellative is recorded (comp. Heb., Gen. i, 26 ; v, 1) ; from which state it soon became a proper name. Dr. Lee thinks from its frequent occur- rence, but we would suggest, from its jjeculiar appropri- ateness to '• the man," who is the more immediate image aud glory of God (1 Cor. xi, 7). Other derivations of the word have been offered, as D'lX, " to be red" or " red- haired ;" and hence some of the rabbins have inferred that the first man was so. The derivation is as old as Josephus, who saj'S that " the first man was called Adam because he was formed from the red earth," and adds, "for the true virgin earth is of this color" (^Ant. i, 1, 2). The following is a simple translation of the more de- tailed (Jehovistic) account given by Moses (Gen. ii, 4- 7, 18-25) of the creation of the first human pair, omit- ting the paragraph concerning the garden of Eden. See Cosmogony.
This [is the] genealogy of the heavens and the earth, when they were created, in the dny [that] Jehovah God made earth and heavens. Now no shrub ot'tho lield had yet l)eeu [grown] ou the earth, aud no plant of the field had yet si;ruug up — for Jehovah God had not [as yet] caused [it] to rain upon the earth, nor [was there any] man to till the ground; but mist ascended from the earth, aud watered all the face of the ground. Then Jehovah God formed the man, dust from the ground, and blew into his nostrils the breath of life ; so the man became a living creature.
But Jehovah God said, " [It is] not good [that] the man be alone ; I will make for him a help as his couuterpart," Kow Jehovah God had formed from the ground every liv- ing [thing] of the tiekl, and every bird of the heavens; and he brought [each] towards the man to see what he would call it: so whatever the man called it [as] a liv- ing creature, that [was] its name ; thus the man called names to every beast, and to the bird of the heavens, and to every living [thing] of the field: yet for man [there] was not found a help as his couuterpart. Then Jehovah God caused a lethargy to fall upon the man, so he slept ; and he took one of his ribs, but closed flesh instead of it: aud Jehovah God built the rib which he took from the man for a woman, and brought her towards the man. Thereupon the man said, "This now [is] bone from my bones, and flesh from my flesh ; this [being] shall be called Woman [ixhah, vira], because from man [_ish, vir] this [person] was taken : therefore will a man leave his father aud his mother, aud cling to his wife: and they shall be- come one flesh." Now they were both of them naked, the man and his wife : yet they were not mutually ashamed [of their condition].