Miiller, Georg Christian, a German theologian, was born in 1769 at ]\liilhausen; received his prepara- tory education at his native place, then went to the university at Halle; entered the ministry in 1814, and became pastor at Neumark, near Zwickau, where he died about 1830. His most noteworthy works are, Entwurf finer philosophischen Rdigionslchre (Halle, 1797, 8vo) : — Protestant ismus und Religion ; ein Versuch zur Dar- steUung ihres Vcrhaltmsses "(Leipsic, 1809, 8vo) -.— Veber Wissenschdft und >S>/.itf'm in der Ethik, published in vol. ii oi Zeitsc'hriJ'l fiir Moral (Jena, 1819, 8vo).
Miiller, Heinrich (1), Dr., a noted German di- vine, was born Oct. 18, 1631, at Lubeck, a place which his parents were obliged to quit because of \Vallenstein's hordes. His earliest religious impressions he received from his mother Elizabeth, to whom he was indebted, like Augustine to his mother Monica, or Chrj-sostom to Anthusa. Although of a feeble constitution, Miiller made such progress in the school of his native place j that when, in 1644, his parents returned to Kostock he was matriculated as a student of philosophy, though only thirteen years of age. For three years he attended the lectures of Llitkemann (q, v.), went in 1647 to Greifswalde to study theology, and was honored with the degree of magister artium. Having travelled for some time in order to enrich his store of knowledge, he returned in 1651 to Rostock, where he commenced a series of lectures, which were so highlj- spoken of that the magistrate appointed him archdeacon of St. Ma- ricn Kirche when hardly twenty years of age. A year later the University of llelmstiidt conferred upon him the degree of doctor of divinity, his own university not acknowledging him worthy until seven years after- wards. In 16.i9 he was appointed professor of (inek. in 1662 he became a member of the theological faiuliy and pastor, and in 1671 the whole clergy unanimously ap- pointed him as their suiierintendent, and this )iosition he lield until his death, wliich occurred Sept. 13, 1675. ^Midler belonged to those men whom Providence had called to sow the seed of a new and fresh evangelical life in a soil which was enriched with the blood of the Thirfj- -Years' War, Lutheran orthodoxy, which had become weakened through constant controversies, not being sufficiently strong to successfully siipjilant error by truth in life as well as in faith. Christianity was to ^Miiller not a dogma, but life, and thus he may be re- garded, in connection with Job. Amdt (q. v.^Val. An- drcii (q.v.), and Chr. Scrivcr, as the predecessor of Spe- ner; and like the writings of Amdt and Scrivcr, his own writings are read by the German people up to this day. MUller was a voluminous writer, and wrote not only in (ierman, but also in Latin. The best known of his works are, Apostolische Schlusskette uiul Krnflkern (t'rankfort, 16.33, and often) •.—FrangcHsche Schlusskette (ibid. 1763, and often) : — Ecnngtlischer Ilerzensspiegtl (ibid. 1679) :—//HH)H//.<c/(f>- Liebtskuss (Kostock, 1659): — Kreuz-, Buss- u. Bilschule (ibid. 1651, and often) : — Geistliche Erquickungsstunden (ibid. 1663, and often): — Orator ecchsiasticus, etc. (ibid. 16^9) •.—Conjugii cleri- corum patrofiniuui (ibiil. 1665) : — Ilarnwnia Veteris No- vique Test, chronologica (ibid. 1668): — Theohgia scho- lastica (ibid. 1656). For a list of his writings, see Witte,
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Memoria. theolnrjorum nostri smculi clarissimorum reno- vatfp, decas xv (Frankfort, 1684), p. 1891 ; Eottermund, Supplement zu Jucher's Gekhrten-Lexikon, v, 57. See also Koch, Geschichte des deutschen Kirchenliedes (Stutt- gard, 18G8), iv, 66 sq. ; J. G. Russwurm, in his edition of JMtiller's Erquickurujsstunden (Reutlingen, 1842) ; Bitt- cher, in Tholuck's Liter. Anzeiger, 1844, No. 15-18 ; Dr. tl. Midler, eine Lebembeschreibu7ig von Aichel (Hamburg, 1854); Wild, Lehen u. Auswahl von ^fuller's Schriften, in Klaiber's Ecang. Volksbibliotheh (Stuttgard, 1864), vol. iii; Nledner, Lehrbuch der christl. Kirchengeschichte (Berlin, 1866), p. 788; Bibliotheca Sacra, July, 1868, p. 587; Kitto, Oct. 1853, p. 208; Hase, Church Hist. p. 449. (B.r.)
Miiller, Heinrich (2), a German theologian, was born at Joel, near Flensburg, Feb. 25, 1759. He studied theology and philosophy at the University of Kiel, and was called in 1786 to the position of deacon to the city cliurch at Kiel. In 1789 he became also professor of theology and first teacher of the seminary. He finally resigned his position as minister, and became director of the seminar}'. He resigned the position as director of the seminary in 1805, and died Feb. 9, 1814. A. mon- ument by his scholars was erected in 1818 in the ceme- tery at Kiel. His most important works are, Scimm- luKfi rnn Kcangdien und Episteln, nebst Gebeten fur die kirchliche und lidusliche Andacht. Ein Anhang zum Schkswig-Holsteinischen Gesangbuche (Kiel, 1813, 8vo) : — Lehrbuch der Kutechetik (Kiel, 1816) : — Handbuch der Katechetik ; ein Commentar iiber das Lehrbuch : Heraus- gegehen rnn C. CirMam-n (Altona, 1821-23, 2 vols. 8vo). See I). .1 hi-\ (i< l< hrtc Th< id. 1 >,utschlands, s. v.
Miiller, Heinrich Daniel, a German theologian, was born at Biichenau, in Hesse-Darmstadt, Sept. 24, 1712. He was educated at Giessen, Marburg, Halle, and Jena. In 1742 he was appointed city minister and derinitor at Giessen, and in 1748 professor extraordinary of theology. In 1749 he followed a call to Echzell, in Hesse-Darmstadt, as metropolitan and pastor primarius ; became in 1777 inspector of the convent of the same place, and died March 22, 1797. His most important works are. Diss, de Christo Deo magna vera et benedicto ad Tit. a, 13 ; 1 Joh. v, 20 ; Eom. ix, 5 (Jenae, 1736, 4to) : — Diss, inaug. de existeniia Dei et revelationis ejusque criteriis (Gissas, 1739, 4to) : — Disquisitio philosophica de quantitate (ibid. 1746, 4to) : — Theses philosophicce (ibid. 1746, 4to) : — Commentatio philosophica de systemate har- moni(e prastabilitcB, qua compriniis qumritur, an liberta- iem follat hoc systema 1 (ibid. 1746, 4to) : — Progr. de Philosopko practico (ibid. 1748, 4to) : — Diss, theologica de absoluto electionis et reprobationis decreto (ibid. 1749, 4to) : — Diss, de increduUtate finali (ibid. 1749, 4to) : — Commentatio de Messia Doctore justitim ad Joel ii, 23, qua exercilium disputatorium cum selectis theologim cul- toribus imtituendum signijicat (ibid. 1750, 4to). — Dciring, Gelehr. Theol. Deutschlands, iv, 580 sq.