Miiller, Johann Baptist, a celebrated German painter of sacred subjects, was born at Gerartsried, in Bavaria, and studied art at the Academy of Munich un- der Eberhard, and later under Hess. The latter he as- sisted in the frescos of the All Saints' Chapel, and paint- ed indepeudentlj' The Baptism of Christ. From 1842 to 1849 he painted for the king of Prussia, and these works were afterwards presented to the Cologne cathe- dral. Later he painted many sacred subjects on altars and church windows. He died at Munich in 1869. Jeremiah upon the ruins of Jerusalem is regarded as his best oil-painting. Many of his works have been repro- duced in lithography, engravings, and chromos. See Nagler, Allgemeines Kiinstler-Lexikon, s. v.
Miiller, Johann Caspar, a German Roman Cath- olic theologian, was born at Xaumburg Feb. 26, 1749, and was educated at Frit/.lar. In 1766 he entered the gym- nasium at ]\Ientz, and afterwards studied philosophy and theology. After being admitted to the theological sem- inary, he was ordained, and appointed chaplain at Hep-
penheim, and one year later professor at "Worms, also prefect of the gymnasium, and vicar of the churches of St. Mary's and of the Holy Cross ; assistant of the theo- logical faculty, and minister of the court military hos- pital of St. John the Baptist. It was his pleasure to give his time entirelj' to study and to the duties of the Church; but the French war compelled him to leave Mentz, He returned to Mentz after the Prussians had taken possession of that place. He, however, now re- signed his ecclesiastical offices, only soon after to be ap- pointed canon of the chapter of the church of St. Peter at F'ritzlar, and also of the St. John of the AmiJneburg. Later he was removed to Aschaffenburg, as principal of the gymnasium and provost of the prince-electoral grammar schools. In 1804 he was appointed professor extraordinary of ecclesiastical law at j\Iarburg ; in 1806 principal of the seminary for teachers of the three Chris- tian confessions. He died November 3, 1810. Miiller had a thorough knowledge of Church history, patristic theology, and exegesis, which he evinced by his Disser- tatio de Socinianis and Harmonie der vier Evangelisten, and similar works. He contributed often to the Main- zer theologische Monatsschriften, Schuderofs Journal zurVeredlung des Predigei-- und Schullehrerstandes (Jahr- gang 5, Bd. 1, St. 1), and several other journals. His most important works are in the department of the clas- sics. Among these are, Titi Livii Putav. Ilistoriarum liber primus et selecta qumlam capita, scholis Mogunti- nensibus adornavit (Mentz, 1780, 8vo) : — Eutropii Brevi- arium historice Romance, scholis Moguntiacis in quibus Latinitatis initia docentur adornavit (ibid. 1781, 8vo) : — Quinti Horatii Flacci Odce selectee, scholis Moguntiacis edidit (ibid. 1784, 8vo) : — Diss, historico- theologica de ortu, vero religionis systemate, progressu, statu kodiemo sectcB Unitarice seu Sociniance, ac de prono e secta Pro- testantium ad illam transitu, quam cum thesibus ex uni- versa theologia selectis defendit (ibid. 1784, 8vo ; 2d edit, ibid. 1787, 8vo) : — M. T. Ciceronis orationes selectee ix, scholiis adornavit. Editio secunda aucta et emendata (ibid. 1787, 8vo) : — Der Triumph der Philosophic im 18'« Jahrhundert (Frankf. a. M. 1803, 2 vols. 8vo) :— Geschichte der Rdmer,fur studirende und gebildete Leser, aus den Quellen dargestellt. Iste Abtheilung vom An- fange des kleinen Staats bis ztim Ende der grossen Re- pubiik (ibid. 1805, 8vo). See Doring, Gelehr. Theol. Deutschlands, s. v.
Miiller, Johann Christian Friedrich Wil- helm von, a noted Germ.an engraver of sacred sub- jects, was born at Stuttgard in 1782. He was carefully educated by his father, Johann Gotthard (see below), in all those branches of the arts which, by his own experi- ence, he knew to be requisite to constitute an excellent engraver; and in 1802 went to complete his studies at Paris, where at that time the majority of the finest works of art in Europe were collected together in the Louvre. Here, in 1808, Miiller engraved the St. John about to write his Revelation, after Domenichino, in which the eagle brings him his pen ; and .4 dam and Eve under the Tree of JJfe, after Raphael. He was commissioned shortly afterwards by Kittner, a printseller of Dresden, to engrave his last and greatest work, the Madonna di San Sisto of Raphael, in the Dresden Gallery. He was wholh' occupied for the remainder of his short life on this plate, which he just lived to complete, but he never saw a finished print from it. He removed to Dresden in 1814. and was appointed professor of engraving in the academy there. His existence seems almost to have been wrapped up in the execution of this plate : he was occupied with it day and night, and, always of a sickly constitution, the infallible result of such constant appli- cation and excitement soon made its appearance. He was, however, in vain advised to desist for a whUe from his work. He completed the plate and sent it to Paris to be printed ; but with his plate the artificial excite- ment which supported him departed also; he had just strength enough left to admit of his being carried to the Sounensteiii, near Pirna, where he died in 1816, only
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a few days before the proof of liis plate arri%-e(l from | the holy Scriptures -.—ReHqvien alter Zeilen, Stften vnd Paris. It was suspended over the head of liis bier as he , J/«n«7?^e« (1«03-1806. 4 vols.): — Vom Glauben des lay dead, thus reminding one of the similar untimely | Christen (181C, 2 vols. ; 2d ed. 1823) : — Blicle in die Bi- fate of the great master of the original, above whose : bel (1830, 2 vols., ed. by Prof. Kirchofer, etc.). See head, as he lay in state, was hung also his last work, ; Herzog, Reul-Kncyklop. s. v. ; Theul. Uviversul-Lexikon, The Traii.^iinnrulion. jMilUer engraved only eighteen plates, l)iit the Madonna di San Sisto is in itself a host, and cxliihiis him at least the eijual of Kaphacl Mor- ghen, to whose Tran.ijii/iinilion it serves as a good pen- dant. There are several lithographic copies of it. An index of his plates and tliose of his father was published by Andresen at Leipsic in 18G.5. At Harvard College there are nineteen fine copies of his plates in the '• (iray Collection." — English Ci/c/op. s. v. ; Nagler, A l/f/emeines Kiinstler-Lexikon, s. v. ; Spooner, Bio^j. Hist, of the Fine Arts,s.v.