MUller, Johann Daniel, a German theologian, was born at Allendorf ISIay 22, 1721, and was educated at (i lessen, where he studied theology, philosophy, and ancient languages. In 1740 he was appointed rector at his native place, and acted at the same time as assistant minister of a church. In 17G8 he took the position of professor of divinity at the University of Kiiiteln, and there died, April 30, 1794. Besides numerous disserta- tions in journals, he published several works, of which the most important are, Diss, in qua immortalitas animm ex principiis rationis, meihodo mathemuticorum demonstra- tur (Gisste, 1743, 4to) : — Der rechte Gebrauch und Miss- brauch der VemunJ't bei Geheimnissen der A nferstehung der Todten inshesondere (Frankf. a. M. 1747, 8vo) : — Pos- sibilitas et certitudo resurrectionis mortuorum ex princi- piis rationis excifatce, methodo mathematicorum demon- strata; cum pr(efatione J. G. Cunzii (Jlarburg, 1752, 8vo) : — Diss, theologica de Providentia Dei ex cnnfusione mundi demonstrata (Rintein, 1771, 4to): — Entdeckter Kunstgriff unserer Zeiten, die Religion durch die Bibel und die Bibel durch die Religion zu bestreiten (Brunsw. 1777, 8vo) : — Progr. de mutilatlone Dd, Scriptures, mun- di et animce violatai rationis et rerela/ionis teste (Rintein, 1784, 4to). See During, Gelehr. Theol. Deutschlands, iv, 585-587.
Muller, Johann Georg, D.D., brother of the fa- mous historian J. v. Mliller, was born at Schalfliausen Sept. 3, 1759. His early religious as well as secular edu- cation he received from his father, who was the minis- ter of that place. The writings of Young and Lavater impressed him so deeply that he decided to devote him- self to the study of theology. To this end he first went to Zurich and afterwards to Giittingen, which latter place, however, he soon left on account of the then pre- vailing neological tendency. He longed for truth, but Giittingen could not satisfy liis thirst for it, and he sought for a teacher who coidd remove his doubts and ease his oppressed spirits. About tliis time Herder's name became known to tlie world, and MUller betook himself to Wei- mar, then celebrated as the Athens of tiermany. Her- der received ^Mi'iller very kindly, and even took him into his house. In 1794 Mtiller returned to his native place, and accepted the iirofessorship of the Greek and Hebrew languages at the collegium humanitatis, because of his feeble constitution, which prevented liim from taking
s. v.; Hurst's Ilagenbach, Hist, of the Church in the ISth and VJIh Cent, ii, 22, 47, 409. '(B. P.)
MUller, Johann Gottgetreu, a German theo- logian, was born in 1701 at Calbe. in Prussia. He was educated first at his native i)lace. then at Klosterbergen, and at the University of Halle, where he studied theol- ogy. He was appointed minister at the penitentiarj' at Halle in 1727, but was discharged, as he would not sanc- tion the union of the Lutheran and Reformed cliurches, which was brought about by king Frederick William I of Prussia. Muller now went to Leipsic. and became there bachelor of divinity and minister of the university church. In 1739 the chief consistory secured for him a place at the "Kreuz Kirche" at Suhl. In 1745 he was appointed superintendent at Schlensingen, also assessor of the consistory. In 1750 he was ajipointed cphorus of the gymnasium, and died August 1(5, 1787. Mliller possessetl a thorough knowledge of ancient languages, which he shows in his progranmies De scholis purgatoriis (1761, 4to) and De unimantibus apocalgpticis s. emble- matibus ministrorum Ecangelii in scholis et ccclesiis (1777, 4to). One of his most important works is Progr. to. Urim et Thumim scholarum (Schleusingiic, 1748, 4to). See Doring, Gchhr. TheoL Jttutschlands, s. v.
MUller, Johann Gotthard von, a celebrated German engraver of sacred subjects, was born at Bem- hausen, near Stuttgard, in 1747. His father, who held an official situation under the government of his native country, wished to educate jMi'iUer for the Church, but the youth showed so much ability for art in the newly- established (17G1) Academy of Fine Arts at Stuttgard that the prince himself urged him to follow art as his profession. Accordingly, in 17()4. Miiller, under court patronage, entered the school i)f the court-painter, Gui- bal, who recommended him to follow engraving, which he pursued for six years (1770-70) at Paris under Wille, with such success that in 1770 he was elected a mem- ber of the French Academy. He was called home in the same year by duke Carl to found a school of art at Stuttgard, which, under his guidance, produced many excellent artists. In 1785 Jlidler was invited to return to Paris to engrave the portrait of Louis XVI, painted in 1774 by Duplessis. In 1802 JIuller was made pro- fessor of engraving in the academy at Stuttgard, where he instructed several of the best engravers of Germany during the earlier part of the 19th century, among whom his own son. Christian Friedrich, is the foremost. He was elected successively a member of the principal Ger- man academies, was presented in 1808 by the king Fred- erick of Wiirtemberg with the Order of Civil ^lerit, and in 1818 was made a Kniglit of tlic Wiirtemberg Crown by Frederick's successor, king William. He died at Stuttgard in 1880, and in the same year a biography of him was published in the Schwdbische Mtrkur, No. 71. ^Miiller engraved only thirty-three plates — a small num- ber— but some of them are large and elaborate works; charge of a church. In the" time of the'revoTution he I "i^-V «'•«'. l'"wever, chiefly portraits His principal sa- held some high political positions, all of which he aban- "^■"^'^ subjects are the Madonna d,lla Seggiola, for the doned, onlv retaining his professorship until his death, ^I"see Fran^ais, engraved ni 1H04. by many considered Sept. 20, 1819. In him the Church lost a true divine, a i 9"Perior to the print of the same subject by Raphael