Paulists (or Paulites), also called ILermits of St. Paul, are a class of Koman Catholic monastics who profess to imitate the life of the great apostle. They have no written rules, and are not strictly a particular order. They have no superior except the bishop in whose diocese they reside. They usually wear a short cloak, with cowl attached, and go barefooted. Thej' are to be met with in Italy, France, Spain, Germany, and many other countries. There is also a congregation of Paulists sometimes called Barnabites (ij. v.). In Hungary a congregation of Paulists was formed in the 13th century, but was made subject to the rules of the Augustinians (q. v.), and ranked with them. During the Reformation movement they became extinct in Hungary; but at Rome the Paulists still maintain a re- ligious house. Their dress is white. They wear a woollen shirt, and hood attached to the collar, which covers the shoulders. When they go to town they wear a black hat, and a mantle of the same color. In Portugal an order of Paulists was founded in 1652, and
Paulist Ileimit.
their principal monastery is on Mount Ose. They are also subject to the Augustinian rule.
In the United States the "Congregation of the Mis- sionary Priests of St. Paul the Ajiostle," commonly called " Paulists," was established in New York City, in 1858, by Rev. Isaac T. Hecker and several other priests, whom the po|)e allowed to leave the Redemptorists for the ])urpose of founding an independent organization for missionary purposes better suited to this country. This congregation reports a house and church in New York, a superior, six other priests, and twelve students prepar- ing for the priesthood. The Paulists are the origina- tors of the Catholic Publication Society, of its monthly periodical. The Catholic World, etc., and occupy a very influential position. (J. H.W.)
Paulitae, an obscure sect of the Acephali, followers of Paul, a patriarch of Alexandria, who was deposed by a council (A.D. 541) for his uncanonical consecration by the patriarch of Constantinople, and who al"ter his depo- sition sided with the Monophysites (Nicephorus, Bisf. Eccles. c. xlix). The Paulita; are mentioned under the name of Paulianists in the treatise on the reception of heretics which was written by Timothy of Constantino- ple (Timoth. De Trijylici Receipt. Ilceret. in Cotelerii Monument, iii, 377).
Paull, George, a missionary of the Presbyterian Church, was born near Connellsville, Fayette Co., Pa., Feb. 8, 1837. He pursued his preparatory studies first under Rev. Ross Stevenson, of Ligonier, Pa., then in the Dunlap Creek Presbyterian Academy, and afterwards under Prof. John Frazer; graduated at Jefferson Col- lege, Canonsburg, Pa., in 1858, in the spring of which j'ear he made a profession of religion, and united with the Church at Connellsville; after leaving college he went South, and engaged in teaching for a time in Mis- sissippi ; but, feeling called to preach the Gospel, he re- turned, and entered the Western Theological Seminarv, Allegheny City, Pa. ; was licensed by Redstone Presby- tery in April, 1861, and graduated at the seminary in 1862. He gave his name to the (ieiieral Assembly's Board of Foreign Missions as a candidate for missionary work, but owing to the embarrassed state of the board, arising from the civil war. he could not be sent on his mission immediately. For a time, therefore, he supplied the vacant churches of Tyrone and Sewickley, in his own presbytery; then ministered to a weak Church in Morri- son, Whiteside Co., 111., in Rock River Presbytery; but in 1863 he entered on his own chosen work, being or- dained as missionary to Africa, by Redstone Presbj-tery, at Connellsville. He was appointed to take charge of the mission at Evangasimba, where he labored till, in 1865, at his urgent request, he received an appointment to Bonita, a point on the continent where he hoped to build up a new station. His labors of preaching and teaching, together with the superintendence of building, proved too great even for his strong physical powers, and he died May 14, 1865. Mr. Paull was a man who sought to consecrate all his powers to tlie service of his Divine Master. He was endowed with a comprehen- sive understanding, sound judgment, and refined tastes. As a preacher, he was eminently popular — his thought always being pungent, tender, earnest, and practical. See 'Wilson, Presbyterian Historical Almanac, 1866, p. 141. (J. L. S.)
Paulli, Just Henrik Voi.telen, a Danish Luther- an divine, was born at Copenhagen in 1809. In 1835 he was appointed curate at the church of the Holy Spirit; in 1837 he became chaplain of the Christians- burg palace-chapel; and in 1857 he was elected pastor of the church of the Virgin, and dean of the Zealand diocese. He was for thirty years one of the most noted preachers in Copenhagen. From 1854 till his death, in 1865, he also lectured at the theological seminar)-. See Barfods, Fortcelliiiger, p. 859. (R. B. A.)
Paulo, Antoine de. a grand-master of the Order of Malta, was born at Toulouse in 1551, and was de-
PAULSEN
840
PAULUS
scended of a family originally from Genoa. In 1500 he was received Chevalier of Malta, and became suc- cessively commander of Marseilles, of Sainte-Eulalie, Grand Cross in 101 2, and shortly after prior of Saint- Gilles. Elected i^rand-master of the order March 10, 1G23, three days after the death of Louis de Vasconcel- los, he was in the fullowiuL; year called before the pon- tifical tribunal, accused of disorderly conduct, and with having purchased his nomination with money. An- toine fully justified himself, but was nevertheless en- gaged in quarrels with poyie Urban VIII on the subject of the commanderies of Italy. Under his command the order experienced several reverses on the part of the Turks, and in 1631 there was a general chapter, which reformed several statutes of the preceding chapters, es- pecially that of 1G02, which gave the illegitimate sons of the dukes and peers of France, and of the grandees of Spain, admission into the order. This privilege was then limited to the illegitimate children of kings and princes only. Paulo died June 10, 1636. See De Ver- tot, Hist, des Cheval. de Sdint-Jean de Jerusalem; Biog. Toulousaine ; Moreri, Did. Mstor. s. v. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Ghierule, xxxix, 409.