PAULINUS
837
PAULINUS
Cnus was one of the earliest Europeans who acquired a knowledge of the Sanscrit language. In conse- quence of his being settled in the south of Hindostan, he could not obtain so accurate a knowledge of the Sanscrit as if he had been brought in contact with the Brahmins, but he nevertheless gained quite a master}^ of the tongue, and even published a Sanscrit grammar (in the Tamul characters instead of the Devanagari) at Rome in 1790, under the title of Sidharubam, scu Grammaiica Samscrklamica, cum Dissertationehistorico- critica in Linguam Sarnscridamicam ; and also in a full- er and different form in 1804, under the title of Vi/a- carana, seu locupletissirna Samscridamicm Linguce Insti- tutio ; but both these works are entirel3' superseded h\ later, more accurate, and complete grammars. Pau- linus also wrote and edited many other works, of which the most important are, Sgstema Brahmanicum liturgicum, mythologicum, civile, ex monumentis Indicis, etc., dissertatioiiihus historicis illusiratum (Rome, 1791) : ■ — India Orientalis Christiana, continent Fundafiones Ecclesiarum, Seriem Hpiscoporum, Missiones, Schlsma- ta, PersecuHones, Viros illustres (ibid. 1794): — Viaggio alle Indie Orientali (ibid. 1796): — Amarashinha, seu Diclionnrii Samscridamici sectio prima, de CceIo ; ex tri- bus ineditis Codicihus Indicis Manuscriptis, cvm Versione Latina (ibid, 1798) (the whole of this dictionary, of which Paulinas has edited the first part, was printed at Serampore. in 1808, under the care of Colebrooke) : — De Antiquitate ct Affinitate Linguce Zendicce et Saniscrida- mica; GermaniccB Distertatiu (ibid. 1798 ; Padua, 1799) : — and Be Latini Sernioni; Oiigine et cum Orientulibus Lin- guis Connexione (Rome, 1802). — Engl. Cjclop. s. v. See Darling, Cgclop. Bibliogr. ii, 2313.
Paulinus of Biteru.e (the modern Beziers), in Gaul, an ecclesiastic of note, was bishop of that city about A.D. 420. Some have thought that the Acta S. Genesii notarii Arelatensis are to be ascribed to this Paulinus rather than to Paulinus of Nola, under whose name they have commonly been published. Paulinus of Biterras wrote an encyclical letter, giving an account of several alarming portents which had occurred at Bi- terrse. This letter is lost. Oudin has mistakenly said that it is cited in the Annates of Baronius. Possibly Paulinus of Biterrai is tlie Paulinus to whom Gennadi- ns (/>e rim Illusiribus, c. G8) ascribes several Tracta- tus de Initio QuadragesimcB, etc. See Idatius, Chron. ad ann. xxv, Arcad. et Honor.; Mirteus, Auctar. de Scripiorib. Ecc'es. c. C3 ; Tillemont, Memoires, v, 5G9 ; Cave, Hid. Lift, ad ann. 410, i, 389; Oudin, De ticrip- torib. Eccles. vol. i, col. 923; Fabricius, Bibl. Gi'ccc. ix, 315; Biblioth. Med. et Ivfim. Latinit. v, 205, ed. IMan- si; Acta Sanctor. Aug. v, 123, etc. ; Gallia Christiana, vol. vi, col. 295 (ed. Paris, 1739) ; Hist. Lift, de la France, ii, 131. — Smith, Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Biog. and Mylhol. iii, 142.
Paulinus of Milan, an Eastern ecclesiastic of much celebrity near the opening of the 3d century, was the secretary of St. Ambrose, after whose death he became a deacon, and repaired to Africa, where, at the request of St. Augustine, he composed a biography of his former patron. While residing at Carthage he encountered Ccelestius, detected the dangerous ten- dency of the doctrines disseminated by that active disciple of Pelagius, and, having preferred an impeach- ment of heresj-, procured his condemnation by the council which assembled in A.D. 212 under Aurelius. The accusation was divided into seven heads, of which six will be found in that portion of the Acts of the Synod preserved by Mavius Mercator. At a subse- quent period (217, 218) we find Paulinus appearing be- fore Zosimus for the purpose of resisting the appeal against this decision, and refusing obedience to the adverse decree of the pope. Nothing further is known with regard to his history, except that we learn from Isidore that he was eventuall}' ordained a presbj'ter. We possess the following works of this author : Vita
Ambrosii, which, although commenced soon after A.D. 200, could not, from the historical allusions which it contains, have been finished until 212. This piece will be found in almost all the editions of St. Ambrose. In many it is ascribed to Paulinus Nolanus, and in others to Paulinus Episcopus : — Libellus adversus Cos- lestium Zosimo Papa: oblatiis, drawn up and presented towards the close of A.D. 217. It was printed from a Vatican MS. by Baronius in his Annates, under A.D. 218 ; afterwards by Labbo, in his Collection of Councils (Par. 1671, fol.), ii, 1578; in the Benedictine edition of St. Augustine, vol. x, App. pt. ii ; and by Constant, in his Epistoloe Pontificum Romanorum (ibid. 1721, fol.), i, 9G3 : — De Benediclionibus Patriarcharum, is mention- ed by Isidore (Z)e Viris Illustr. c. 4), but was not known to exist in an entire form until it was discov- ered by Blingarelli in a very ancient MS. belonging to the library of St. Salvador at Bologna, and inserted by him in the Anecdota, published at Bologna (1751, 4to), vol. ii, pt. i, p. 199. A corrupt fragment of this tract will be found in the fifth volume of the Benedic- tine edition of St. Jerome, where it is ascribed to Ru- finus. The three productions enumerated above are placed together in the Bibliotheca Palrum of Galland (Venet. 1773, fol.), ix, 23. See Cassianus, De Incarn. c. 7 ; Isidorus, De Viris Illustr. c. 4 ; Galland, Bibl. Patr. vol. ix, Prolog, c. ii ; Schonemann, Bibl. Patrum Lat. vol. ii, § 21. — Smith, Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Biog. and Mythol. iii, 143.