Paulinus of Antioch flourished as bishop of tliat see in the 4th century. He was ordained presbyter by Eustathius, bishop of Antioch, and was a leader among the Eustathian party in that city. When Atha- nasius, after his return from exile, on the death of the emperor Constantius II, and the murder of George of Cappadocia, the Arian patriarch, assembled a council at Alexandria, Paulinus sent two deacons, Maximus and Calimerus, to take part in its deliberation. He was sliortly after ordained by the hasty and impetuous Lucifer of Cagliari bishop of the Eustathians at Anti- och— a step unwarrantable and mischievous, as it pro- longed the schism in the orthodox party, which would otherwise probably have been soon healed. His ordi- nation took place in A.D. 362. He was held, accord- ing to Socrates {Hist. Eccles. iv, 2) and Sozomen {Hist. Eccles. v'l, 7), in such respect by the Arian emperor Va- lens as to be allowed to remain when his competitor Meletius was banished. Possibly, liowever, the small- ness of liis part}', which seems to have occupied only one small church (Socrates, Hist. Eccles. iii, 99 ; Sozo- men, vi, 13), rendered liim less ol)noxious to the Arians, and they may have wished to perpetuate the division of the orthodox by exciting jealousy. Paulintis's re- fusal of the proposal of Meletius to put an end to the schism is mentioned elscwliere [sec Melktius ok Antioch], but he at length consented that whichever of them died first, the survivor should be recognised by
both parties. On the death of Meletius, however (A.D. 381), this agreement was not observed by his party, and the election of Flavianus disappointed the hopes of Paulinus, and embittered the schism still more. In A.D. 382 Paulinus was present at a council of the Western Church, which had all along recognised his title, and now ardently supported his cause; but the Oriental churches generally recognised Flavianus, who was de facto bishop of Antioch. Paulinus died A.D. 388 or 389. His partisans cliose Evagrius to succeed him. A confession of faith by Paulinus is preserved by Athanasius and Epiphanius in the works cited be- low. See Epiphanius, y/fcre«. Ixxvii, 21, ed. Petavii; Socrates, Hist. Eccles. iii, 6, 9 ; iv, 2 ; v, 5, 9, 15 ; Sozo- men, Hist. Eccles. V, 12, 13; vi, 7; vii, 3, 10, 11, 15; Theodoret, Hist. Eccles. iii, 5 ; v, 3, 23 ; Athanasius, Concil. .A lexandrin. Epistol. seu Tomus ad A niiockenses, c. 9 ; Jerome, Epistol. ad Eustoch. No. 2, 7, ed. vett. ; 30, ed. Benedict ; 108, § 0, ed. Vallars. ; In Rufui. lib. iii, 22 ; Chrouicon, ed. Vallars. ; Theophanes, Clironog. p. 47, 57, 59, ed. Paris ; p. 37, 45, 47, ed. Venice ; p. 85, 104, 109, ed. Bonn ; Le Quien, Oriens Christian, vol. ii, col. 715; Tillemont, Memoires, vol. viii; Fabricius, Bibl. Grceca, ix, 314; Neale, //y(y Eastern Church (Patriar- chate of Alexandria), i, 193 sq. — Smith, Llicl. ofGr. and Rom. Biog. and Mythol. s. v.
Paialinus of Aquileia, St., a noted prelate of the Eastern Church in the second half of the 8th cen- tury, is known especially for his exertions to main- tain the orthodox standard of the Trinitarian dogma. He was a native of Friaul, and appears to have been a teacher of philosophy, at least Charlemagne calls him in 773 ''artis grammatica3 magister." He was ele- vated to the patriarchal dignity in A.D. 77G, and be- longs to that class of scholars upon whom Charlemagne depended for counsel in all literary and ecclesiastical affairs. Paul of Aquileia took part in the synods at Regensburg in 792, and Frankfort in 794, which dealt with the heresy of the Adoptianists (q. v.). He also attended several provincial councils, and labored with zeal for the Christianizing of Carinthia and the Ava- ri. He probably died A.D. 804. His works, whose authenticity is in part called in question, were pub- lished by Madrisius at Venice in 1737. His mem- ory is observed on January 21. Paulinus, in the coun- cil held at Forum Julium (Friuli) (A.D. 791 or 796), defended the Western Church against the charge of falsifying the creed on the doctrine of the Holy Ghost. He held that if the creed were explained according to the meaning of its author, it could not be said that it was altered. As the fatliers of the council at Con- stantinople had enlarged the Nicene Creed according to the mind of the original framer of it by the state- ments respecting the Holy S]iirit, in the same manner it was added liy tlie Chnrcli that the Spirit proceeded from the Son. As Chviet himself said, the Father is inseparably in the Son and the Son in the Father, but the Holy Spirit is of the same nature with the Father and the Son, so must we say that he proceeds from both essentially and inseparably. See Neander, Dogmas, ii, 436; Acta SS. Jan. 1, p. 317 sq. ; and the biographical sketches prefixed to his works. (J. H.W.)
Paulinus a St. Bartholom.f.os, a noted Orien- talist, of the Order of the Carmelites, whose origi- nal name was Jonx Piiii.ir Werdin, was born near Mannersdorf, in Austria, April 25. 1748. He stud- ied philosophy and theology at Prague, and afterwards learned some of the Oriental languages in tlie college of his order at Rome, which he had joined in 1769. He was sent as missionary to the coast of Malabar in 1774, where he remained for fourteen years, and was successively appointed vicar -general and apostolic visitor. In 1790 he returned to Rome, in order to superintend the religious works which were printed by the Propaganda for the use of the missionaries in Ilindostan. He died at Rome Jan. 7, 1806. Pau-