Rcwe, John, a Nonconformist minister, was born at Tiverton, f^ngland, in 1627. He was educated at New Inn Hall. Oxford, and obtained a fellowship in Corpus Christi College. He became preacher at Witney and Tiverton, and, in 1654, at Westminster Abbey. In 1662 he was ejected for nonconformity, and afterwards had a congregation in Bartholomew Close, London. He wrote, Heavenly-mindedness and Earthly-inindedness(\&i2, 2 pts. 12mo) : — Saints' Temptations (1674, 1675, 8vo) : — Eman- uel (1680, 8vo) ■.—Sermons, etc.
Rowe, Samuel, an English clergyman, was born in 1793. He became a bookseller, but graduated at Jesus College, Oxford, in 1826. In 1833 he was made vicar of Crediton and perpetual curate of Fostbury, St. Luke, which offices he held until his death. He pub- lished. Appeal to the Ritbric (Lond. 1841, small 8vo) : — Church Psalm-book (several editions) : — also Panorama of Plymouth, and Pei-amhulations in the Forest of Dart- moor (Plymouth, 1848, 8vo).
RoTve, "We.sley, a minister of the Methodist Epis- coiial Cluirch, was born near Frankfort, Ross Co., O.,
April 4, 1809. He made a formal profession of religion and imited with the Church in his nineteenth year. In 1832 he was licensed to preach, and in 1834 was admit- ted on trial into the Ohio Annual Conference, in which, and in the Cincinnati Conference, he labored until with- in a few days of his death, Feb. 8, 1862. See 3Iinutes of Annual Conferences, 1862, p. 185.
RoTwites, the name applied to the followers of Mr. Campl^ell, of Riiw, Scotland. See Row Hei!ESY.
Rowland, Daniel, an eminent Welsh divine, chaplain to the duke of Leinster during the latter part of the last centur\'. He published Eight Sermons, etc. (Lond. 1774, r2mo) : — Three Sermons (1778, 12mo).
Rowland, Henry Augustus, D.D., a Presby- terian divine, was born at Windsor, Conn., Sept. 19, 1804. His father was pastor of the Congregational Church at Windsor, and his mother was a relative of Rev. Jonathan Edwards, D.D. He graduated at Yale College in 1823, finished his theological course at Andover Seminar}' in 1827, was licensed by the Hampden Association, and or- dained by the New York Presbytery Nov. 24, 1830. He began his ministry in the Presbyterian Church at Fay- etteville, N, C. In 1834 he became pastor of Pearl Street Church, New York; in 1843, of the Church at Honesdale, Pa. ; and in 1856 accepted a call and was in- stalled pastor of the Park Presbyterian Church, New- ark, N. J., where he labored until his death, Sept. 4, 1859. Dr. Rowland was a successful pastor and an earnest, elo- quent preacher. He labored efficiently with his pen, and in the pulpit, to promote the interests of the Re- deemer's kingdom for more than one third of a century. He was fond of literature, and wrote much for the peri- odical press; also several volumes, viz.: On the Common Maxims of Infidelity (1850, Vlmo):—The Path of Life (1851, 18mo) -.—Light in the Dark Valley (1852, 24mo) : — The Way of Peace (1853, 16mo) : — Tracts on Chi-is- tian Baptism: — The Elect Saved by Faith: — and A Conversation on Decrees and Free Agency. Also many single sermons and articles in the New York Evangelist, New York Observer, etc. See Memorial of the Life and Services of the late Henry A . Rmvland, D.D. ; Wilson, Presb. Hist. A Imanac, 1861, p. 163. (J, L. S.)
RoTwland, Thomas, a minister of the United Methodist Free Churches, England, was born in Man- chester in 1792. He entered the Wesleyan ministry in 1813, and continued to labor until 1850, when he became involved in the questions connected with the Reform movement. Refusing to apologize to the Conference for some of his writings, he was at first made supernu- merary, and afterwards expelled. He joined the Wes- leyan Reformers, and preached among them for several years. He attended the First Annual Assembly of the United Methodist Free Churches, held at Rochdale, 1857, and died in 1858. See Simpson, Cyclop, of Methodism, s. V.
Ro'wra'wa, one of the eight Narakas (q. v.), or principal places of torment, in the system of Buddhism.
Roy, Julian David le, a French architect and antiquary, was born in Paris in 1728, and died in 1803. He wrote, Ruines des Plus Beaux Monumens de la Gi'ece (1758, corrected 1770) : — Histoire de la Disposition et des Formes Dijfh-entes des Temples des Chretiens: — Observa- tions sur les Edifices des A nciens Peuples. See Chalmers, Biog. Diet. s. v.
Royaards, Hkrman John, professor of theology in the University of Utrecht for more than thirty years, beginning with 1823, was born in that city Oct. 3, 1794. In 1818 he obtained the degree of doctor in theology, and in the following year became pastor of the Reformed Church at Meerkerk, at which place he wrote a successfid prize essay on the Book of Daniel (1821). His special department in the university was that of historical theology, to which he added that of Christian ethics. He aided in fomiding (1839) the journal Ar- chiefvoor Kerkelyke Geschiedenis, and contributed vari-
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oiis very important papers to its pages. Tlie his- tory of the Church in the Netherlands engaged his mind predominantly, and lie rendered services of real value in its treatment, though almost a pioneer in that field. In 1842 he publisheil a prize treatise entitled Jnvoering en Vestiying van /let Christendom in Nederlaml, etc., and subsequently a complementary work under the title Geschiedenis van ket Christendom en de Chris- telyke Kerk in Nederlaml gedurende de jMiddeneeuwen (pt. i, 1849 : pt. ii, 1853). He desired to write a history of the Keformation and of the IJoman Catholic Church in the Netherlands, but did not live to execute his pur- pose. He, however, rendered meritorious service in a different direction, viz. in ecclesiastical jurisprudence, having published (1834 and 1837) a work on this sub- ject entitled Hedendaagsch Kerkregt hy de Ilervormden in Nederland, and having taken active part in the re- peated discussions relating to a concordat with the pa- pal chair. He also prepared a Ckrestomathia Patristica (pt. i, 1831 ; pt. ii, 1837), intended to aid in the study of the Church fathers, and a Compendium Hist. Eccl. Christ. for use in academical instruction. He died Jan. '2, 1854. See Boumann, Narratio de II. .1. Royaards. in his Char- ta Theologice (Traj. ad Rh. 1857), p. 1-90.— Herzog, Real- F.ncyklop. s. v.