Royce, Lorenzo D., a Baptist minister, was born at Sharon, Vt., Oct. 5, 1820. He graduated from Water- ville College, Maine, in the class of 1844, and from the Newton Theological Institution in the class of 1847. He was ordained as pastor of the Second Baptist Church in Thomaston, IMe. His ministry was a brief one, his death occurring Sept. 3, 1850. He was among the most liighly cultivated young ministers of his denomination, and had his life been spared would not have failed to make his mark deep on the generation in which he lived. (J. C. S.)
Roye, Gui de, a French prelate, was born at Muret about 1345. He was canon of Noyon, and in 1376 was made bishop of Verdun. He never went to his diocese, but remained with Gregory XI, accompanying him to Rome, and afterwards attached himself to Clement VII, by whom he was consecrated. Resigning his see in 1379, he became in succession administrator of the bish- opric of Dol, bishop of Castres (1383), archbishop of Tours, archbishop of Sens (1385), and, finally, resigning all these, was on the 22d of June, 1390, consecrated arch- bishop of Rheims. Gui took the part of Benedict XIII. and was a member of the Council of Paris in 1404, but refused to join the National Council of 1406, which was convened for the extinction of the clerical privileges during the schism. In 1408 he presided over the Pro- vincial Council at Rheims, and the next year set out for Italy, but was killed, during the journey, in a quar- rel among his retainers, June 8, 1409. He is the author of a work entitled Doctrinal de la Sapience (Geneva, 1478), which passed through several editions. See Gallia Christiana, vol. ix ; Brunet, Manuel du Libraire. — Hoefer, Nouv. Jiiog. Genii-ale, s. v.
Royko, Caspar, doctor of theology, a Roman Cath- olic divine of Germany, was born -Jan. 1, 1744, at Mar- burg, in Steyermark, and died April 20, 1819, as professor of pastoral theology and cathedral preacher at Prague. He is the author of Einleitung in die christliche Religions- und Kirchengeschichte (Prague, 1771): — Synopsis Histor. Religionis Chi-istianee Methodo System. Adumbrata (ibid. 1785) : — Christliche Religions- u. Kirchengeschichte (ibid. 1788-95, 4 vols.) : — Geschichte der grosxen allgemeinen Kirchenversammlung zu Costnitz (ibid. 1780-96, 4 pts.). See Winer, Handbuch der theol. Literatiir, i, 529, 541, 666; ii, 741; Niedner. Lehrbiich der christl. Kirchenge- schichte, p. 864. (B. P.)
Ruar, Martin, a learned German writer and Prot- estant minister, was born in Holstein in 1588, and died near Dantzic in 1657. " His Epistles throw much light on the theological opinions of the age" (Hallam, Ut. of Europe^.
Rubble, RiBBi-E-woRK, Rough-walling, coarse walling constructed of rough stones, not large, but of great irregularity both in size and shape, and not so flat bedded as in rag-work. In some districts it is often formed of flints: in large buildings, in neighborhoods
Kiiljble-work.
where better materials can be obtained for the outer face of the walls, it is in general onlj- used for the in- side s, or backing; but in other districts the whole sub- stance of the walls is not unfrequently of this construc- tion. It is often found to have been plastered on both sides, but sometimes it was onlj' pointed externally. — Parker, Gloss, of A rchitect. s. v.
Rubens, Peter Paul, Sir, the illustrious Flemish painter, was born at Siegen, Germany (according to some, at Cologne), June 29, 1577. After the death of his father in 1587, he went with his mother to Antwerp, where his parents had formerly resided. He became page to Marguerite de Ligne, countess de Lalaing, but soon left her to study art, chiefly under A. van Noort and O. van Veen (or Venius). In 1600 he visited Italy, going first to Venice and Mantua and thence to Rome, where he devoted himself to the stutly of the pictures of Titian and Paul Veronese. In 1605 the duke Vin- cenzo Gonzaga sent him on a special mission to Phili]) III of Spain. Again visiting Italy, he resided at Rome, Milan, and Genoa, painting many pictures, until 1608, when, hearing of his mother's illness, he returned to Ant- werp. He was appointed court painter to the archduke Albert, and married Isabella Brant (or Brandt) in 1609. When, ill 1627, Charles I declared war against France,
Honse of Rubens.
Rubens was intrusted to negotiate with Gerbier, Charles's agent at the Hague. In the autumn of the same year he was sent to Madrid, and in 1629 was ambassador t<i England. He was employed on a mission to Holland in 1633, died May 30, 1640, and was buried in the Church of St. Jacques, Antwerp. The pictures ascribed wholly or in part to Rubens, according to Smith's Catalogue Raisonne, number 1800. They comprise history, por- traits, landscapes ; animal, fruit, and flower pieces. The finest are in the cathedral in Antwerp — The Descent from the Cross, and The Elevation of the Cross, the former being generally considered his masterpiece. The Belvedere in Vienna contains a noble altar-piece with wings representing The Virgin Presenting a Splen-
RUBEZAHL
148
RUCHRATH
did Robe to S/. Ildefonso : — St. A mbrose Refusing to A d- mit the Emperor Theodosius into the Church ; and two altar-pieces representing the miracles performed by St. Ignatius Loyola and St. Francis Xavier. See Waagen, in Kaumer's Nistorisches Tasckenbuch (Leips. 1833; Lond. 1840) ; JMichel, Rubens et VEcole d'Anvers (Paris, 1854) ; Waagen, Treasures of A rt in Great Britain (Lond. 1854- 57, 4 vols.).