clined after 1848, as did also his physical energies. The loss of sight compelled his withdrawal from aca- demical occupations during the last years of his life, and, after protracted sufferings, he died Feb. 17, 1854.
Schulz's theological attitude was that of ordinary ra- tionalism. He considered his mission to be the uni- fying of Christianity and humanity by more clearly apprehending and presenting the fundamental truths of the former, etc. He was not a pioneer, but a con- servative rationalist, and contributed greatly to protract the rule of the rationalist tendency. His excgetical writings are not without scientific value, but those of a polemical character are immoderately violent. All of his writings suffer from dififuseness and repetition. A certain force of individuality must be conceded to him, since he was able to attract large numbers of students to his lectures, which were entirely without arrange- ment, and was able to exercise an almost intolerable dominion over the entire Church of Silesia during a protracted period, so that the Lutheran separation in that province is often charged to his overbearing in- fluence. His passionate nature could not brook oppo- sition, and rendered it difficult for him to submit to the decrease of his party, which was apparent in his later years.
The works of Schulz mostlj' belong to the depart- ments of exegesis and New-Test, text criticism, but are occasionally polemical writings. We mention. Brief an die. Hebrder, etc. (Bresl. 1818) : — Parabel vom Ver- walter, Luc. xvi, 1 sq. (ibid. 1821): — Chrisll. Lehre vom heil. Abendmahl (Leips. 1824; 2d ed., with sketch of doctrine of Lord's supper, ibid. 1831 ) : — Was heisst Glanben, «. wer siiid die Ungldubigen ? etc., with sup- plement discussing original sin (ibid. 1830, 1834): — Geistesgaben d. ersten Christen, etc. (Bresl. 1836):^- Prog. de Codice IV Evangel. Biblioth. Rhedigerianee, etc. (Vratisl. 1814): — Novum Test.G7-(ece,Tex.tum ad Fidem Codd., Verss. et Patrum rec. et Lect. Yar. Adjecit J. J. Griesbach, vol. i, Evangelia complectens; ed. tertiam emend, et auct. cur. D. S. (Berol. 1827) : — Disjmtatio de Codice D. Caiitabrigiensi (Vratisl. 1833) -.—De Doctorum Academ. Officiis (ibid. 1827): — Theol. Lehrfreiheit avf den evangel. Univeisitaten u. deren Beschrdnlcung durch symbol. Biicher (Bresl. 1830) (Yon Colin being joined with Schulz in the authorship of this work). — Herzog, Real-EncgHop. s. v.
Schulz, Johann Christoph Fr., a German doc- tor and professor of theology, was born May 18, 1747, at Wertheim. From 1783 he was professor at Giessen ; in 1786 he was made first preacher and superintendent of the Alsfeld diocese, and died Jan. 26, 1806. He wrote, Scholia in Vet. Test. (Norimb. 1797) : — Psalmus 49 Va- 7-ietatibus Leciionis Observationibusque Philologicis Illus- tratus (Gottingen, 1769, 1771, 2 pts.) : — De Ellipsibus Jlebraicis, etc. ( Lips. 1782-93 ) : — Der 2te Brief Paiili an die Korinther (Halle, 1785, etc.). See Winer, Iland- buch der theol. Literatiir, it, 769 ; FUrst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 295 sq.; Stcinschneidcr, Bibliograph. Ilandbuch, p. 130. (B.P.)
Schulze, Benjamin Wilhelm Dan., a German theologian, was born at Berlin, Jan. 17, 1715, where he also died, March 17, 1790. He wrote, Commentatio et Dissertatio Apologetica,qua Inquiritur,num Puncta Vo- calia Tip Kethib X Suhjccta ad Keri sint Referenda: — I 'ollstdndigere Kritih ilber die gewdhnlichen A usgaben der hebr. Bibel, etc. (Berlin, 1764) : — Conjecturoi llistorico- crilicoi Sadducceorum inter Judceos Sectce Novam Lucem Accendentes (Halle, 1799): — Additamenta Vaiianlium Lectionum e Gersoniana Sacri Codicis Editione Collecta- rum (ibid. 1768): — Conjecture Crit. ad Jlluslrationem Psa. a-j-ii, 13 (ibid. 1769). See Winer, Ilandbuch der theol. Uteratur, ii, 770 ; Fiirst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 296. (B. P.)
Schulze, Ernst August, a German professor of theology, was born Aug. 8, 1721, at Berlin, and died IMay 3, 1786, as pastor of the German Reformed Church at Fraukfort-ou-the-Oder. He wrote, Commentatio de Fie-
SCHULZE
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its nierosolymomm Privilegiis (Francof. 1750) : — Dlsser- tatio de Variis Judicorum Erroribus in Descriptione Tem- pll (ibid. 1758) : — Commentatio de Hehraorum Aniiqui- tatum Vestigiis in Uoratii Ecloyis (Hague, 1774) : — Dis- sertatio de Juda Galilceo et ejus Secta (Francof. 1761): — Dissertatio de ITerodiana Puerorum Bethlehemiticorum Ccede (ibid. 1765): — Compendium Archwologim Ilehra- icce (Dresden, 1793). See Winer, Handbuch der tJteol. Literatur, ii, 770 ; Fiirst, Bill. Juduica, iii, 296. (B. P.)
Schulze, Johaiin Ludwig, a German doctor and professor of theology, was born at Halle, Dec. 17, 1734, and died there, May 1, 1799. He wrote, Disset- tatio qua Mututiones in Textu Cod, A lexandrini a Grabio Factce ex Conjeciura, ad Examen Revocaniur (Halle, 1768) : — Chaldaicorum Danielis et Esrce Capitiim Inter- pretatio flehraica (ibid. 1782) : — Dissertatio ad Cohel. xii, 1-3 (ibid. 1708). He also edited Simonis Lexicon Manuale and Altingii Synopsis fnstitutionum Chaldma- rum. See Winer, Handbuch der theol, Literatur, ii, 770 ; Fiirst, Bibl. Judaica, iii, 297. (B. P.)
Schumann, Christian Heinrich, a German doctor of theolog}', was born at Neukirchen Dec. 25, 1787. His first appointment was that of collaborator at Meissen. In 1815 he was made co-rector at Anna- berg, in 1825 deacon, and in 1827 pastor there, until in 1835 he became superintendent. He died at Dresden Dec. 11, 1858. He wrote, De Cultu Jesu (Annaberg, 1841) : — Siimmen aus dem Ilause des Ilerrn iiber Zeit- ereignisse und Zeitbedilrfnisse (ibid. 1849). See Winer, Handbuch der theol. Literatur, Supplement, p. 301 ; Zuch- old, 5iW. r/(cW. ii, 1199. (B. P.)