Schultens, Johann Jacob, a theologian and Orientalist, the son of Albert Schultens (q. v.), was born at Franeker, in the Netlierlands, in 1716, educated under the eye of his father, and appointed professor of theology and Oriental languages in the Academy of Herborn in 1742. He held that post during seven 3'ears, was then transferred to the Academy of Leyden, and five months afterwards became the successor of his father in the the- ological seminary. He died in 1778. The only v.ritings published by him were his innugaxaXs, Dissert.de Utilitate Dicdect. ad tuendam Integritatem Codicis Hebr. ( Leyd. 1742) (also in the Syllog. /)z»se?/a/.p.231-439; see lit.art. "Albert Schultens"): — De Fruct. in Theol.Reduntantibus ex Peritiore Linguarum Orient. Cognitione (ibid. 1749) : — Dissert. Theol. Inaug. ad Locum Ajwstoli Philipp. cap. ii, V. 5-11 {Syllog. Disserfat. p. 443-518), and some new editions of single works written by his father. — Her- zog, Real-Encyklop. s. v.
Schultetus. See Scultetus.
Schulthess, Johannes, Dr., the Swiss compeer of Paulus and Rijhr in the advocacy of the older ra- tionalism, was born Sept. 28, 1763, and received a pre- dominantly philological training. His earliest labors were expended in behalf of reforms in the public schools (see Schweizer Schulfreund, 1812, etc.). His Kinder- bibel des alien Testaments and his Schiceizer Kindei- freund were highly esteemed as text-books. He be- came a professor of the Zurich gj'mnasium, and preb- endary in 1816, and from that time devoted himself to the department of New-Test, exegesis. He endeav- ored to ground his rationalism on the Bible itself, even at the cost of violence to the text. In 1824 he pub- lished a commentary on the Epistle of St. James, and in 1822 he gave to the world his dogmatical views, in a pamphlet entitled Rationalism, u. Svpranaturalism. Ka- non. Tradition zt. Scription, a work in which Orelli par- ticipated. His Revision d. kirchl. Lehrbegriffs (1823-26) served a similar purpose. From 1826 to 1830 he edited the Annalen founded by Wachler, Schwarz at Heidel- berg at the same time publishing a periodical in the interests of his peculiar theological views. In the re- vived conflict (1820 sq.) respecting the Lord's supper between the Lutheran and Reformed churches, he gave himself out as the defender of true Zwinglianism (comp. his Ecangel. Lehre vom heil. Abendmald [Leips. 1824]). He likewise felt himself called to resist the movements of his time towards ultramontanism, but no less all tendencies towards "mysticism and pietism." He had, in short, a thoroughly polemical nature, which involved him in controversies with all wlio would not adopt his frequently venturesome h\potheses, rationalists no less than orthodox theologians; but in tlie privacy of social
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intercourse he displayed, especially in his later years, a friendly, genial spirit, in which nothing of the con- troversialist was apparent. He also combined with his rationalism a simple piety whose centre was a firm faith in the all-controlling goodness of God. After the Uni- versity of Zurich had been founded, in 1833, Schulthess became ordinary professor in that institution. He had received the degree of doctor in theology from Jena, Nov., 1817. He died Nov. 10, 1836, leaving, as his most important legacy to theological science, an edition of the works of Zwingli which he had published in connection with Schuler. The clergymen trained by him gener- ally entered into different paths from those in which he walked — the older ones through the influence of Schleiermacher, and the younger under the guidance of Nitzsch, Tholuck, Jul. Muller, etc. The most trust- worthy source for his biography is the Denkschrift zur hundertjahr. Jiihelfeier d. Schulthess. Familienjonds, etc., by his son Johann (Zurich, 1859). — Herzog, Real-Eii- cyklop. s. V.
Schulting, Cornelius, a learned Dutch ecclesi- astic, was born at Steenwyk, Overyssel, about 1540. His family was distinguished and honorable. After studying at Cologne, he took the ecclesiastical habit, taught philosophy in the college at Laurentianum, and afterwards became its principal. He had charge of the faculty of arts at Cologne, and was canon of the cathe- dral. He died April 23, 1G04. His writings show eru- dition and a great range of reading. We mention, Biblioiheca Ecclesiastica, etc. (Cologne, 1599, 4 vols, fol.) : — EccksiasticcB Discipline, etc. (ibid. 1599, 8vo): — Biblioiheca Catholica (ibid. 1602,2 vols. 4to) -.—Hierar- chica Anacrisis (ibid. 1604, fol.). See Sweert, Athenw Belgicce ; Hartzheim, Bibl. Colon. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Genirale, s. v.
Schulz, David, a German rationalist, was born in Lower Silesia, Nov. 29, 1779, and after protracted preliminary studies was admitted to the Universitj' of Halle in 1803, where he devoted himself largely to phil- ological studies and became strongly interested in the lectures of Fr. A. Wolf. In 180G he received the degree of Ph.D. and the position of decent in the philosophical faculty of his alma mater. Soon afterwards the uni- versity was suspended, and Schulz followed a call to Leipsic in 1807; but on the restoration of the University of Halle he retmned and taught successful courses on the classical writers, the books of the New Test., and Roman antiquities. The government of Westphalia recognised his services in 1809 by conferring on him the position of extraordinary professor in theology and philosophy; but having obtained, through the influence of Wolf and W. von Humboldt, an ordinary professorship of theology at Frankfort-on-the-Oder, he left Halle for that place. In 1810 he received the theological doc- torate. In 1811 the university was transferred to Bres- lau, and from that period Schulz concentrated liis en- ergies wholly on the science of theology. His lectures extended over the greater portion of its field, and dis- cussed encyclopaedia, New-Test, introduction, criticism, and hermeneutics, exegesis of nearly the entire New Test,, Church history, introduction to sj-stcmatic the- ology, dogmatics, and repeatedly, for students of the entire university, the nature of Chrislianity. He de- livered the academical address in connection with the tercentenary of the Reformation in 1817, and that of June 25, 1830, in commemoration of the submission of the Augsburg Confession. In 1819 he was made con- sistorial councillor, and soon afterwards director of the commission of examiners in science, as also director of the pedagogical seminar}^ for learned schools. In 1845 he imprudentU"^ signed a declaration against the efforts of "a small party in the evangelical Ciuirch, which yet was powerful by reason of support from without," and in consequence was deprived of the position of royal consistorial councillor, though permitted to retain the title and emoluments of that office. His influence de-