Schumann, Gustav Adolph, a German theo- logian, was born at Weickelsdorf, near Zeitz, in 1803. In 1826 he became academical private teacher; in 1829 he was made professor extraordinary at Leipsic; and died at INIeissen April 11, 1841. He wrote. Vita Mosis: Pars I, De Infantia Mosis (Lips. 1826): — De Libertate Interpretis Dissertatio (Meissen, 1840); — Melancthon Redivims, oder der ideale Geist des Christenthums (Leips. 1837), See Winer, Handbuch der theol. Literatur, ii, 770; Supplement, p. 301 ; FUrst, Bibl. Judaica, iii, 297; Zuchold, Bibl. Theol. ii, 1199. (B. P.)
Schumman, Johannes, a distinguished clergyman of the (Dutch) Reformed Church, a medical practitioner of considerable skill, and a Revolutionary patriot whose services to his country were most vigorous and fearless, was born Aug. 18, 1712, of German parents, at West Camp, N. Y., studied theology under Frelinghu3'sen and Goetschius, and received and accepted a call to the united cluirches of Catskill and Coxsackie, N. Y., upon condition that, at their expense, he should go to Hol- land to complete his education. This he did in 1752; and in 1753, after a rigid examination, he was licensed and ordained by the Classis of Amsterdam, and returned to take charge of the churches, in which he spent his entire ministry of forty-one years. His powerful voice, earnest manner, and burning fervor of piety, with un- compromising attachment to the principles of theolog}', his honest zeal, and indefatigable perseverance and in- dustr}-, were the secrets of his success. He was a warm ccetus man in the great controversy of his Church re- specting independence of the mother Church in Hol- land. In the same spirit, his patriotism made him a famous leader of the people of the whole region of which Catskill is the centre against British rule. In- dians and Tories abounded in that country and around his own residence. Emissaries of George III were fre- quently passing through those river counties carrying messages between New York and Canada and stirring up the savages and the Tories to treacherous plots and deeds of cruelty. Of course he was the chief object of their hatred. But he prayed and thundered from his pulpit. He rode imdaunted to discharge his official duties in his church at Coxsackie, fifteen miles distant from Catskill and througli a wilderness that exposed him to constant dangers from his country's foes. He
aided in organizing committees of safety and in the mil- itary defences. He went armed, but his chief trust was in God. Nothing daunted or depressed his lofty daring for liberty and his native land. To this day Ulster, Greene, and Albany counties are full of traditions of his fame. He is the hero of a historical novel entitled The Dutch Dominie of the Catskills, by the late Rev. David Murdock, D.D., who was his successor at Catskill, 1842- 51. His medical services were gratuitously rendered for the benefit of his people, "and without respect of persons." A few days before he died he preached at Coxsackie his last sermon, on the Saviour's words " It is finished ;" and then he went home to finish his own work in the full assurance of faith. May 10, 1794. See Sprague, .4 nnals of the A mer. Pulpit, vol. ix. ( W. J. R. T.)
Schupp, .JoiiANN Baltiiasar, a German pastor and critic, was born at Giessen in 1610. In his fifteenth j-ear he entered the University of Giessen. At first he studied law, then theology. After a long journey among the German universities, he tarried at Rostock (1629-31) and took his master's degree. Then he vis- ited Holland and heard Salmasius and Voss. On his return he acted as professor of history and oratory for ten years at Marburg. In 1043 he added to his duties that of a pastor. Desiring to give himself entirely to the ministry, he accepted the place of court preacher at Braubach in 1046. The landgrave of Hesse-Brau- bach commissioned him to take part in the negotiation of the Peace of Westphalia (1048). At Minister he had the honor of preaching the first sermon in com- memoration of the peace. Here a call came to him to the place of chief pastor of St. James's, Hamburg. En- tering upon his duties in 1649, he labored the remaining twelve years of his life with great zeal and popularity. He was thoroughly evangelical, preaching not exclu- sively Christ for us, but Christ in us, and insisting upon thorough heart-conversion. His manner w'as free and popular, a great contrast to the prevalent scholastic method. His success turned his colleagues into spies and enemies. Bitter calumnies were invented against him. Satirical pamphlets flew on every hand. The magistracy interfered, and imposed silence on both sides. But the violence of the assaults broke down the health of the faithful man. He died in great joy, a truly Can- dida anima, in 1661. Schupp published, Volumen Ora-^ tionum Solemniuni et Panegyricarum (1642) : — Traktaten itbcr Staat, Kirche und Schule: — Morgen- und Abend- Lieder, His collective works were edited bj' his son (Hanau, 1663), and have had several editions. See In Schuppii Obitum (Francof. 1685); llcrzog. Real- Ency- klop. XX, 749-755. (J. P. L.)
Schureman, John, D.D., a (Dutch) Reformed min- ister, son of Hon. James Schureman, United States Sen- ator from New .Jersey, was born near New Brunswick, N. J., Oct. 19, 1778. Of pious lineage, he devoted himself to Christ in early youth. At seventeen he graduated from Queen's College (1795), and then studied theology with Dr. Livingston, He was licensed in 1800, settled at Bedminster, N. J., from 1801 to 1807, when he re- moved to the Church at Millstone, and in 1809 accepted a call to the Collegiate Dutch Reformed Church in New York at the same time with Dr. Jacob Brodhead. Here he sustained himself with satisfaction to his peo- ple, but, on account of feeble health, in 1811 he accept- ed the vice-presidencj- and chair of moral philosophy and belles-lettres in Queen's College at New r.riniswick. For a short time, 1813, he was pastor of tlie Dutch Re- formed Church in that city, but disease soon obliged him to desist. In 1815 the General Synod ai)pointed him professor of ecclesiastical history and pastoral the- ology in the theological seminary under their care in New Brunswick, Here for five years he fulfilled his du- ties with profit to the institution and honor to himself. He died in 1818 of typhus fever. Dr. Schureman was blessed with a clear, vigorous, accurate, and well-dis- ciplined mind, and with an uncommonly amiable temper