2. Gibdh (n"3y), a hill (as in the A. V. invariably), the Arabic Jebel, the common designation of less important or individual eminences ; applied (besides its general use) to Zion (l.-a. xxxi, 4 ; Ezek. xxxiv, 20), and to the follow- ing: the hill of the foreskins (Josh, v, 3), of Phinelias (xxiv, 33), of Moreli (Judg. vii, 1), of Hachilah (1 Sam. xxiii, 1!) ; xxvi, 1), of Ammah (2 Sam. ii, 24), of Gareh (Jer. xxxi, 39); also an element of the proper names Gibeah, Geba or Gaba, and Gibeon.
3. Tel (bri), a hilluck (the Arabic Tell), is a diminutive mound or knoll, usually an artificial heap of rubbish tDeut. xiii, 17; Josh, viii, 28; Jer.xxx,lS; xlix,2); often an ele- ment, of proper uames, as Tel-Abib, Tel-ilarsha, Tel-Me- lah.
The two following are rather appropriations ofapi)ella- tives as proper names than general designations of an elevated ground :
4. Pixcfdh, or rather hap-Pisg&h (for it has the art.
riwpSil), the height (comp. Engl, "the summit"), was probably ihe ragged edge of the table-land of Moab where it suddenly broke down into the declivity towards the Dead Sea (Numb, xxi, 20; xxiii, 14; Deut. iii, 17; xxxiv,l).
5. dphel (?S"), a swelling mound (so of tumors, Deut. xxviii, 27; 1 Sam. v, 6, etc.), is applied to Elisha's resi- dence near Jericho (2 Kings v, 24), elsewhere (with the doubtful exception of Isa. xxxii, 14 ; Mic. iv, 8) and every- where with the art., to the sloping tongue of Mount Mo- riah on the south (2 Chron. xxvii,3; xxxiii, 14 ; Neh. iii, 26, 27 ; xi, 21).
The following, likewise, are rather designations of por- tions or elements of hills than the elevations themselves :
6. Maaleh (iTSV'O), an ascent or rise, used (besides its common meaning, Judg. viii, 13) of several localities : that of the Scorpions (Numb, xxxiv, 4; Josh, xv, 3; Judg. i, 30), of Ad;immim (Josh, xv, 7; xviii, 17), of Gur (2 Kings ix, 27), of Ziz (2 Chron. xx, 10), of Luhith (Isa. xv, 5; Jer. xlviii, 5), of Bethhoron (Josh, x, 10), of Olivet (1 Mace, iii, 16 ; comp. 2 Sam. xv, 30), and Saul's city [probably Beth- lehem] (I Sam. ix, 11).
7. Miirdd (TT172), a descent or fall, applied (besides its general use, Mic. i,4) to the declivity of the Jordan valley (Josh, vii, .5), of Bethhoron (x, 10 ; 1 Mace, iii, 24), of IIo- roiiaini (Jer. xlviii, 5), and Olivet (Karci/iao-if, Luke xix, 37).
S. Shephi ("^S'lJ), a bare spot on a hill ("high place," Numb, xxiii, 3 ; Isa. xli, IS ; xlix, 9 ; Jer. iii, 2, 21 ; iv, 11 ; vii, 29; xii, 12; xiv, 6).
9. Ar/'ifs ("/II?), a precipice ("cliiT," Job xxx, 6).
10. Misgiib (35^1!^), a bhiff or inaccessible steep, as a "refuge" (2 Sam. xxii, 3; Psa. xviii, 2; Isa. xxv, 12, etc.) : with the art., a particular fortress of Moab (Jer. xlviii, 1).
11. Kephhn (0*^33), crags or ronsrh isolated "rocks" (Job xxx, 6 ; Jer. iv, 29). Hence the Syriac name Qexjhas.
There remain the two distinctive terms for a stony prominence, with their concomitants:
12. Ts'ir ("ll:£), Chald. and Arab. Tur, a rock or out- standing block of stone whether fixed or boulder, of fre- quent occurrence (A. V. " rock"), both literally (Deut. xv, 25 : 2 Kings v, 23, etc.) and figuratively (Psa. xxxi, 2 ; Ixii, 6, etc.), and in only a few cases relerriug to the height of the rock (Numb, xxiii, 1; Psa. Ixi, 2, etc.); in one case assuming the dignity of a proper name. Tare. It is spe- cifically applied to Horeb (Exod. xvii, 6), the rock of Oreb (Judg. vii, 25 ; Isa. x, 26), and is au eiemetit of the names Helkath-hazzurim (2 Sara, ii, 10), and Beih-sur (Josh, xv, 58).
In connection with Ts'ir twice occurs the peculiar term yikrdh (iT^pj), a hole or "cleft" (Exod. xxxiii, 22; Isa. ii, 21).
13. Sela ("bo), a cliff ov abrupt and elevated rock, espe- cially in personitication (Psa. xviii, 2 ; xiii, 9, etc.), and as a i)arallel with Tsi'ir (Psa. xxxi, 2, 3; Ixxviii, 15, 16; Isa. ii, 21, etc.). lu the A. V. it is loosely rendered "rock," "stone," etc. It is applied generally to the spot in Ka- desh whence Moses brought forth water (Numb, xx, 8, 10, 11; Neh. ix, 15; Psa. Ixxviii, 16; comp. Tsi'ir, in Ezek. xvii), to the rocks of Etam (Judg. xv, 8, 11), Himmon (xx, 45), and Sela-ham-mahlekoth (l^Sam. xxiii, 2S) ; also as a projier uame to Petra (with the art., 2 Kings xiv, 7; 2 Chron. xxv, 12; and prob. Judg. i, 30; wilhcmt the art., Isa. xvi, 1 ; Obad. 3).
In exclusive connection with Sela are found the follow- ing descriptive terms: Chagavhn (D^'\^T1), chasms (Cant, ii, 14; Jer. xlix, 16; Obad. 3); Sciph (CT'S'p), a cleft (Judg. XV, 8, 11; Isa. ii, 21; Ivii, 5); 7'sechi%ch' ('^-n^:i), a bald spot, as the summit of a rock exposed to the drying suu (Neh. iv, 13 ; Ezek. xxiv, 7, 8 ; xxvi, 4, 14) ; iXekik (p^'p?), a cranny or fissure (Isa. vii, 19 ; Jer. xiii, 4 ; xvi, 16) ; aiid Shen ('(-TJ), a tooth or sharp edge or end of a crag (Job xxxix, 28 ; 1 Sam. xiv, 4, 5) ; also as a proper uame (vii, 12).