Twelfth-day, (1) the feast of Epiphany, being the twelfth day after Christmas; (2) the old Christmas- day.
TWELFTH DAY of the Month. In the evening service of the Church of England for the twelfth day of any month, the hymn after the second lesson, begin- ning " ( Jod be merciful unto us," etc., is omitted, because it comes in the regidar psalm for the day, and would thus occasion an unnecessary and useless repetition. — Stanton, Did. of the Church, s. v.
TWELFTPI-NIGHT
603
TWO
Twelfth-night, the eve of the festival of the Epiphany, which occurs exactly twelve days after the feast of Christmas.
T'wrelfth-tide. See EriPiiANY.
Twells, Leonard, a learned English divine, was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he pro- ceeded A.B. in 1704. In 1733 the tlniversity of Ox- ford conferred on him the degree of A.M. by diploma, in approbation probably of his Critiral Examination. etc. He was at that time vicar of St. Mary's, Marl- borough, but in 1737 was presented to the united rec- tories of St. Matthew's, Fridaj' Street, and St. Peter's, Cheap. He' was also a prebendary of St. Paid's, and one of the lecturers of St. Dunstan's-in-the-West. He died Feb. 19, 1741 or 1742. His publications in his lifetime were, A Critical Examination of the Late New Text and Version of the Testament, in Greek and. Eng- lish (pts. i, ii, Lond. 1731 ; pt, iii, 1732, 8vo) :— .4 Vin- dication of the Gospel of St. Matthew (1735, 8vo) : — An- siver to the Inquiry into the Meaning of D(emoniacs in the New Test. (1737, 8vo): — Answer to the Further In- quiry (1738, 8vo). After his death, his Sermons at Boyle's and lady Moyer's lectures were published for the benefit of his family (1743, 2 vols. 8vo). See Chal- mers, Biog. Diet. s. v. ; AUibone, Diet, of Brit, and A me?: Authors, s. v.; 'Sichol, Lit. A nee. ; id. I llustr. of Liter.
T^welve. Tbis number was sacred among the Jews, probably lieeause it was tJiat of the tribes (q. v.), or of the months of the year, or (as some think) of the signs of the zodiac. It was symbolical of just propor- tion, beauty, and stability. It is sometimes used in the general sense of a dozen: thus, Jeroboam's garment is said to have been rent into twelve pieces (1 Kings xi. 30), and Elisha to have ploughed with twelve joke of oxen, etc. See Number.
Twesten.AuousxDETLEV Christian, a Protestant divine of (Germany, was born April 11, 1789. at Gliick- stadt. in Holstein. He studied theology and philosophy at Kiel, and in 1812 went to Berlin, where he became one of the earliest followers a;nd an intimate personal friend of Schleiermacher. For some time he was professor of languages in one of the colleges at Berlin, but in 1814 he went back to Kiel as professor of tlieology and phi- losophy. After the death of Schleiermacher, in 1834, he was called to Berlin to succeed his teacher in the chair of systematic divinity. In 1850 he was appoint- ed Oberkirchenrath, and died .Jan. 8, 1876. As a writer, Twesten was the least prolific of all the more eminent German divines. This was owing partly to a certain timidity and conscientiousness, and partly to an un- willingness to publish anything which he had not first thoroughly searched and mastered, and for which there seemed to him no urgent need. He wrote an analyti- cal logic, a critical edition of the three oecumenical creeds and the unaltered Augsiiurg Confession, essays on Heccius Illyricus, on Schleiermacher's Ethics, etc. But his main work is his Vorlesungeii iiber die Dog- matik der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche (Hamb. 1837, 2 vols. ), which in its unfinished condition has great and abiding excellences; "for he is, perliaps," says Schaff, "the clearest thinker and writer among all the systematic divines of Germany. He possesses the gift of didactic exposition and analysis in an eminent de- gree. His leariiing is always accurate, minute, and thoroughly digested; his style transparent, smooth, and polished." The volumes which were published contain — the first, the introiUictory chapters on re- ligion, revelation, inspiration, the authority and inspira- tion of the Scriptures, the use of reason, the history of dogmatic literature ; the second embraces only the doc- trine of God, the holy Trinity, the creation and preser- vation of the world, and angelology. As to his theo- logical standpoint, it is, according to Schaff, " Schleier- macher's system passing over into Lutlieran orthodoxy under a modernized form, or the Lutheran scholasticism of the 17th century revived, enlarged, and liberalized by
the scientific influence of Schleiermacher and the toler- ant spirit of the evangelical union." See Theol. Uni- versal-Lex. s. V. ; Zuchold, Bibl. Theol. ii, 1353 ; Schatl", Germany, its Universities, etc., p. 320 sq. (B. P.)
Twichell, Pliny, a Presbyterian minister, was born at Athol, Worcester Co., Mass., Feb. 25, 1805. He was educated at Washington College, Pa.; studied theology in Auburn Seminary, N. Y. ; was licensed by the (iene- see Presbytery in 1836; and was ordained and installeil pastor of the Presbyterian Churcli in Wyoming, N. Y., in 1841. Here he labored for fifteen years, until 1856, in wliich year he took charge of East Bethany Church, where he preached until his death, Sept. 16, 1864. See Wilson. Presh. Hist. Almanac, 1866, p. 180.
Twilight, ALEXANDER L., a Congregational minis- ter and teaciier, was born at Corinth, Vt., Sept. 23, 1795. By his own exertions he put himself through Randolph Academy and Middlebury College, graduating in 1823. He taught four years in Peru, N. Y. ; was licensed to preach by the presbytery in Plattsburg in 1827; taught and preached one year in Vergennes, Vt. ; and for eigh- teen years was principal of the grammar-school in Brownington, Vt., and again from 1852 to 1855. From 1847 until 1852 he taught in Shipton and Hatley, On- tario. He was ordained in Brownington in 1829, and sup- plied tlie pulpit there for many years. Ijut was never a reg- idar preacher. He died June 19, 1857. Mr. Twilight's great work was as a teacher; in this he was successful and influential. He pursued his purposes with undeviating energy, and built up his pupils in both character and knowledge. He was an able and often eloquent preacher. See Cong. Quur. Rev. 1867, p. 281.