RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Hilgenfeld Hiltalingrer
mode of thought was casuistic, and could in no way be compared to that of Jesus. The name of Hillel was little known among Christians until E. Renan in his Vie de Jesus (Paris, 1863) put him almost on a level with Jesus and called him his true teacher. A. Geiger and other rabbis, followed Renan. Delitzsch, however, in his monograph Jesus und Hillel (Erlangen, 1866) has convincingly shown that Hillel was overestimated and the unique importance of Jesus completely ignored by Renan and Jewish writers. The lack of even the most unimportant testimony is against the assumption that Jesus was influenced by Hillel. (H. L. Strack.) Bibliography: Schiirer, Geschichte, ii. 359-363 et passim, Eng. transl., II., i. 359-363 et passim; A. Geiger, Das Judenthum und seine Geschichte, i. 99-107, Breslau, 1865: M. Nicolas, Des Doctrines religieuses des juifs, part i., chap, iii., Paris, 1867; E. Stapfer, Les Idees religieuses en Palestine a I'epoque de Jesus-Christ, chap, xii., ib. 1878; O. Goitein, in Magazin fiir die Wissenschaft des Judentums, xi (1884), 1-16, 49-87; W. Bacher, Die Agada der TannaUen, i. 4-14, Strasburg, 1884; T. Leir, in Revue des etudes juives, xxxi. 202-211; xxxiii. 143-144; JE, vi. 397- 400.
HILLER: A family of Wiirttemberg poets and theologians.
1. Matthaus Hiller, Orientalist, was born at Stuttgart Feb. 15, 1646; d. at Konigsbronn (45 m. e. of Stuttgart) Feb. 3, 1725. In 1677 he became assistant preacher in Herrenberg, 1685 preceptor in Bebenhausen, 1692 professor of Hebrew, 1698 of theology in Tubingen, 1716 abbot in Konigsbronn. He wrote a Hebrew-Latin dictionary, also De arcano kethib et keri (Tubingen, 1692), Onomasticum sacrum (1706), and Hierophyticon (Utrecht, 1725).
2. Friedrich Konrad Hiller, councilor of the chancery and hymn-writer, was born at Unterowisheim, near Bruchsal (12 m. n.e. of Carlsruhe), 1662; d. there 1726. He wrote 172 hymns which he edited under the title Denkmal der Erkenntnis, Ldebe und Lob Gottes in neuen geistlichen Liedern (Stuttgart, 1711).
3. Philipp Friedrich Hiller, hymn- writer, was born at Miihlhausen-on-the-Enz (near Vaihingen, 15 m. n.w. of Stuttgart) Jan. 6, 1699; d. at Steinheimon-the-Albuch (near Heidenheim, 22 m. n.n.e. of Ulm) Apr. 24, 1769. He was educated at Maulbronn and Tubingen, was private tutor in Nuremberg from 1729 to 1731, became pastor of Neckar- Groningen in 1732, of Miihlhausen-on-the-Enz in 1736, and of Steinheim in 1748. In 1751 he almost completely lost his voice; and, being thus excluded from the pulpit, he devoted himself to hymn-writing. He put all the prayers of Johann Arndt's Paradiesgartlein into the form of songs under the title Johann Arndts Paradiesgartlein von neuem angelegt (4 parts, Nuremberg, 1729-31). Besides this work, he wrote more than a thousand hymns and religious songs which he published under the title Geistliches Liederkdstlein (2 parts, Stuttgart, 1762- 1767). He also composed a life of Jesus in Alexandrine verses (2 parts, Heilbronn and Tubingen, 1752); Kurze und erbauliche Andachten bei der Beicht und dem heiligen Abendmahl (Tubingen and Stuttgart, 1752); Morgen- und Abendandachten nach dem Gebet des Herrn (Stuttgart, 1785); finally a work in prose, Neues System aller Vorbilder Jesu Christi durch das game Alte Testament in zwei Teilen
(Stuttgart, 1758-68). Hiller has become the favorite spiritual poet of Evangelical Wurttemberg.
(H. Mosapp.)
Bibliography: On 1. S. Pfister, in Hierophyticon, Utrecht, 1725. On 2: Denkmal der Erkenntnis, preface, Stuttgart, 1711; E. E. Koch, Geschichte des Kirchenlieds, v. 59 sqq., Stuttgart, 1869. On 3: O. F. Horner, Nachrichten von Liederdichtern des Augsburger Gesangbuchs, pp. 119- 129, Schwabach, 1779; A. Knapp, Altwurttembergische Charaktere, pp. 78-142, Stuttgart, 1870; E. E. Koch, ut sup., v. 107 sqq.; ADB, xii. 425 sqq.; Julian, Hymnol- °gy, PP. 524-525.
HILLER, ALFRED: Lutheran; b. at Sharon Center, N. Y., Apr. 22, 1831. He was educated at Hartwick Seminary, N. Y., from which he was graduated in 1857. He then held successive pastorates in his denomination at Fayette, N. Y. (1857-58), and at German Valley, N. J. (1858-81). Since 1881 he has been professor of systematic theology in Hartwick Seminary. During the Civil War he was a delegate of the U. S. Christian Commission, and in the spring of 1865 organized the Army Church in the cavalry department at Nashville, Tenn. Theologically he adheres to " the doctrinal basis of the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States."
HILLIS, NEWELL D WIGHT : Congregationalist ; b. at Magnolia, la., Sept. 2, 1858. He was graduated at Lake Forest University (B.A., 1884) and McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago (1887). He then entered the Presbyterian ministry and held pastorates at Peoria, 111. (1887-90), Evanston, 111. (1890-94), and Central Church, Chicago, an independent church (1894-99). Since 1899 he has been pastor of Plymouth Congregational Church, Brooklyn. He has written A Man's Value to Society (New York, 1896); Foretokens of Immortality (1897); Investment of Influence : Study of Social Sympathy and Service (1898); William Ewart Gladstone: Scholar, Statesman, Christian (1898); Great Books as Life-Teachers: Studies of Character, Real and Ideal (1899); Right Living as a Fine Art : Study of Channing's Symphony (1899); Influence of Christ in Modern Life (1900); Across the Continent of the Years (1901); David the Poet and King (1901); Faith and Character (1902); Master of the Science of Right Living (1902); The Quest of Happiness (1902) ; School in the Home : Debt Parents Owe their Children (1902); Building a Working Faith (1903); Success through Self-Help (1903); The Quest of John Chapman (1904); and Fortune of the Republic (1906).
HILTALINGER, JOHANN (John of Basel, Johannes Angelus) : Bishop of Lombez (a small town of France, department of Gers, 19 m. s.e. of Auch); b. at Basel c. 1315; d. at Freiburg 1392. He entered the Augustinian order and received the degree of master of theology at Paris in 1371. From 1371 to 1377 he was provincial in the Rhenish- Swabian province of the order. He again received this dignity in 1379, being general procurator in the mean time. At the outbreak of the Great , Schism (see Schism), he sided with Clement VII., who made him general prior of the order in Sept., 1379. He developed a ceaseless activity in the service of Clement, particularly in the Upper Rhine
Hilten
Hincmar of Reims