THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
country. Even after his elevation to the see of Lombez in 13S9 he remained Clement's confidential man on the Upper Rhine nnd continued to work at Freiburg for the curia of Avignon. He wrote, among other things, Commentaria in libros sententiarum. Herman Haupt.
Bibliography : M. F. A. Hohn, Chronologia provincial Rheno-Suerica: ordinis . Augustini, pp. 65 sqq.,
Wiirzburg, 1744; H. Haupt, in ZKO, vi (1885), 334 sqq., 582; idem, in Zeitschrift filr die Geschichte des Oberrheins, new series, v. 291. 296, 318-319, vi. 212, 231; C. Eubel, in Romische Quartalschrift fiir christliche Altertumskunde, vii (1893), 412, viii (1894), 261.
HILTEN, JOHANN: Franciscan monk of Eisenach; b. in the diocese of Fulda before 1425; d. at Eisenach c. 1500. After he had studied in Erfurt and preached in Livonia, he entered the Franciscan monastery in Magdeburg. From 1477 he was kept a prisoner in the monasteries of Weimar and Eisenach. He studied the Bible diligently, as well as the prophecies of St. Bridget of Sweden and of his contemporary Johann Lichtenberger. He attacked ecclesiastical abuses, and on the basis of his studies of the Apocalypse predicted great revolutions in Church and State. He deplored the separation between clergy and laity and denied the claim of the pope to be the vice-regent of Christ. According to Myconius he put the decline of the papal power in the year 1514, according to Melanchthon in 1516. He extended the rule of the Turks in Europe, according to Myconius, from 600 to 1570; according to Melanchthon, he foretold that the Turks would rule as Gog and Magog in Germany and Italy in 1600; then he expected a reformation of Christianity and an annihilation of Mohammedanism. The last Holy Roman emperor, he said, would resign and restore his power to Christ ; after the fall of Rome Antichrist would appear. He predicted the end of the world for 1651.
Hilten can not be regarded as a " forerunner of the Reformation," but he belongs to the number of those who longed for a reform of the Church and tried to keep alive this desire by prophecies. He went back to Scripture and deplored the contradiction between the claims of the hierarchy and the life of the Church and the Bible; but reformation he expected only by the fulfilment of the judgments of God predicted in the Apocalypse. He wrote commentaries on Daniel and the Apocalypse of which, however, only fragments came to the knowledge of the Reformers. (P Wolff.)
Bibliography: The report of a monk and a letter of Myconius to Luther are in C. A. Heumann, Parerga criiica, I., iii. 1 sqq., GOttingen, 1736, cf. ZKG, iii (18S2), 305 sqq.; Luther's Works, Erlangen ed., xxv. 325, lx. 286; Luther's Briefe, ed. De Wette, iii. 514, 522, vi. 563; CR, i. 1108, iv. 780, vii. 653, 999, 1006, 1112, xiv. 841, xxiv. 64, 225, xxv. 14, 80, xxvii. 627, and the literature dealing with Luther's life, e.g., J. Kostlin, Martin Luther, ed. G. Kawerau, i. 29, Berlin, 1903. Consult also Ersch and Gruber, Encyklopddie, section II., viii. 190. Other literature is given in Hauck-Herzog, RE, viii. 78.
HIN. See Weights and Measures, Hebrew.
HINCKS, EDWARD: Orientalist; b. at Cork Aug. 19, 1792; d. at Killyleagh (16 m. s.s.e. of Belfast), County Down, Dec. 3, 1866. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1811), and was appointed rector of Killyleagh in 1825. He
resided there constantly till his death. Despite his seclusion and lack of books, he soon established a reputation of the first order as a pioneer in the field of cuneiform decipherment. His earlier work was on the Egyptian hieroglyphics, but later he turned his attention to Babylonian and Persian inscriptions and made many discoveries in this field. He enjoyed the distinction of having discovered simultaneously with Rawlinson the Persian cuneiform vowel-system (see Inscriptions II., § 3). The results of his studies are embodied in articles contributed to the Dublin University Magazine, to the Journal of Sacred Literature and to the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. He began an Assyrian grammar in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1866) but left no materials for its completion.
Bibliography: Annual Report of the Royal Asiatic Societu 1867; R. W. Rogers, Hist, of Babylonia and Assyria, vol' i., New York, 1900; H. V. Hilprecht, Explorations in Bible Lands, Philadelphia, 1903; DNB, xxvi. 438—139.
HINCKS, EDWARD YOUNG: Congregationalist; b. at Bucksport, Me., Aug. 13, 1844. He studied at Yale College (B.A., 1866), Union Theological Seminary (1866-67), and Andover Theological Seminary, being graduated from the latter institution in 1870. He was pastor of the State Street Church, Portland, Me. (1870-81). He then spent a year in Europe (1881-82), and on his return to the United States was appointed Smith professor of Biblical theology in Andover Theological Seminary, a position which he held from 1883 to 1900. Since the latter year he has been professor of systematic theology in the same seminary. Besides having edited the Andover Review, he was a collaborator on the volumes, prepared by the editors of the Andover Review, entitled Progressive Orthodoxy (Boston, 1886) and The Divinity of Christ (1893).
HINCMAR OF LAON: Bishop of Laon; b. 830; d. 879. Through the influence of his uncle, Hincmar of Reims (q.v.), under whom he had received his education, he was made bishop of Laon in S5S. Being of a violent temper, he soon refused obedience to his metropolitan, the more famous Hincmar, and even denied the jurisdiction of the state courts over the bishoprics. His violence is shown by the fact that during a temporary imprisonment at this time he laid an interdict upon his own diocese. After a long controversy he was finally deposed in 871 by the national synod of Douzy. He was then imprisoned by the king and deprived of his eyesight. A year before his death John VIII. allowed him a part of the episcopal revenues of the diocese of Laon and gave him permission to say public mass. His works, all of which had their origin in his controversies with his uncle and Charles the Bald, are printed in MPL, exxiv. 979-1072. Bibliography-: C. de Noorden, Hinkmar . . , von Rhcims, pp. 241-248, 267-291, Bonn, 1863; H. Schrors, Hinkmar . . von Reims, pp. 315-351, 424-425, Freiburg, 1SS4; E. Diimmler, Geschichte des ostfriinkischen Reichs, ii. 323 sqq., Leipsic, 1887; Hefele, Concilicngeschichte, iv. 3S0- 381, 4S9-508; KL, vi. 6-8; much of the literature under Hincmar of Reims; and Neander, Christian Church, iii. 364-365.
HINCMAR OF REIMS: Archbishop of Reims; b. about 806; d. at Epernay (115 m. e.n.e. of Paris)