PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
The Pulpit Commentary — John — Volume 1
Henry Robert Reynolds [1825-1896] · 515,280 words · 526 reading sections
The Pulpit Commentary — John — Volume 1 — Section 61
lypso. With somo oxtrcmc writers, the Apocaly1,s0 is the ot,ly ccrlninly authcnti,: document of the New Testament, and it is made use of to demolish the genuineness <,f 1ho Fourth Gospel. It would seem with many to be ar.i entirely accepted principl,, tb11t one and the same mind could not at any interval of time, an…
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rublicly Rnd Yigoron,..ly I\SSRiled ~ome erring :md apostate Churches, and that in which be privately Rn<l lo,ingly advised a young friend with rcferenco to his religious and minist-crial difficulties. So it may be easily conceded that the state or minll in which tho beloved disciple pondered the sublimo memories o…
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thnt ho woul<l not have spoken of "the twelve apostles of the Lamb," if he bad considered himself to havo been ono of the number (Rev, xviii. 20; xxi. 11). Tho Apostle Paul, however, does speak of" the apostles" in the third per,;on (1 Cor. xii. 28; Eph, iii. 5, in which latter passage he uses the very image which t…
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These vnrione refcrC'nces arc, H must be admitt.ro., made by thoeo who accoptcd the apostolic origin of t,he Revelation, and hatl tho document before them which gnve them the information; st.iJI, the statement is variously made, and appears to rest on other "report" ns well. Such confirmation is valuable as exte,·na…
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etntoments of Ironmus ond others, which bring the Fourth Gospel into the reign of 'l'rnjrm, holds thnt tho John who wroto hoth it and the Apocalypse was not the son rJf Zebcdoo, but tho prcshyter. Ho charges the mistalrn on Ircnrous, from whom, as he thinlts, other writers clorirnd it, His position is that John never w…
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Arethas said they did. Even the author of ' Supernatural Religion I considers this it Ya lid proof of the opinions of Papfas, Though Irena::us (' Hrer.,' v. 33, 34) refers to Papias as" a hearer of John," together- with Polycnrp, Eusebius, in his comment on the pa.ssag P, considers thnt ho only received bis intelli…
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• Do Prrescrip. I-Irer.,' 83, where ho cites Rev. ii. 20; 'Arlv. Marc.,' iii. 14-, where be cites Ucv. i. 16, ns the word of the Apostle John in the A pocalypsc). For our presont purpose it is not necessary to proceed further than to say that Clemens Alex. (' Strom.,' iii.; 'Pred.,' ii. 12; vi. 13) and Origcn (' Comm.…
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corresponds with the opening words of the Epistles, and he euumerates terms, themes, n.nd id~as common to them both; but he presses the point thnt the Apocalypse ,HITcre from them both in its syntax, style, and solecisms of expression, addinu that while tho phmsc:o, "light," "life," "grace," "joy," etc., occur in th…
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lypse Is ono of tho strongeRt arguments for the Johannilie a11tl1r,rs!tip fJj lhe F(J'l.l,r/!1 Gosiel. 'I he lntr.rnal o.nd external evidence already nilduccrl for the former compeh us, therefore, to eimmine the grounds of the supposed incompntibility of the sin:;le author- ship. In drawing attention t-o the supposrd …
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endravoured to show that none but a Hebrew, a Pale.~tinian Jew, could hl\ve written the Gospel, so that the presence of Hrbrew idcns in the Apocalypse creates I\ bond ol union between the two documents rather than the reverse. Let tho following points be;(noticed: "t•o•u8a, Bav&Tov, in eh. viii. 52, and n,µoia 1tal …
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eolitnry poculiaritles or tho Apocalypse, which are good enough Greek, which pro-;es nothing 11s to tho non-identity of the authorship with the Fourth Gospel. All Paul's Epistles con tnin numerous /.1,ra( "-•'Y{ µ<vtz. (b) Peculiar use of woi·ds. Ewald urged that John used compound words in his Gospel, but th~t the…
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times in the Apocnlypsc, and only once beside In the New Testament. md(ur occurs ei~ht times in the Go~~!, on~c in the Ap~cnl3;i_ise (in the un_usual sense of ~aking nn ammnl), and 01J!y three time~ m nil the New i·cstamcnt beside. Ktlp1f a-o otaas occur; three times in eh. x.xi. and in Re,•. vii. 14. While certain …
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'l'he fifth trumpet is followed by three successive woe.~, which are dcscrib1°d in rrrcat detail. The sixth and seventh trumpets declare, after numerous preparations ::mcl''con- Oicts, thnt the kingdom of the world has begun to be the eternal kinrrdom of God and his Christ, and that the time for judging the dead has…
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It is almost always suggested as nl'ar, but is not yet come. Thus before the first mi1-aclc (eh. ii. 4) the Lord tells his mother she must wait for tho foll satisfaction he will e'l'cntunlly gil"e t_o human need. In eh. iv. 21, 23 he foretells the npproo.ch of an hour of transcendent rnter<.'st to the true worshippe…
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fundamental ideas of the Godhead, of the rank in the universe of the Son of God, or the Perso1mlity of the Spirit, of the ground and method of redemption, and the transcen- dently important and siguificant teaching with reference to obedi, nee and submission of man to the commandments and will of the Supreme. GreatP.r…
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5). Thc~e statements a.re not categorically made in the Apocalypse; but how steadily are tlwy tanght I The ver~· phrase, "living God," is foun,I in flev. vii. 2 (cf. xv. 7; iv. 9, 10; x. G). God is the Lifr-giv<'r, and" he who liveth for over and over." He is the Light ol the city of God, its Sun, its Glory. Bcrousr…
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(e) Further peculi1uities, bearing on the Person of the Lord Jesus Christ, are fonn<l in both Goepel and Apocalypse. (1) Important ideaR, touching the intimate blending of the human life with the heavenly glory of the Lord, occur in both documents. The consciousuess of Chri8t is revealed in the Gospel, that thou!,;h i…
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I;" "I do a\wa:n those things which ple~so him," et D. Now, these rem11rkable words c01Tespond with tli~ opening ,rnrds of Hcv. i. 1, and with the use in llov. iii. 12 of the words, "My God," th1ice repeated. These two books combine the boldest utterances to11ching the Divinity of our Lord with a recognition of the …
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(g) 'l'he mlnletry of the angels in part of the machinery of the Apocalypse (see Moses Stu1ut, 'Angclology '). This needs no proof, hut it is not absent from the Gospel (eh. i. 61 ; xii. 29 ; cf. xx. 12, 13, where angels a.re described as facts of Mary Magda.lane's experience). (h) The dmmonology of the two books is c…
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We have now endeavoured to show, by comparison of the grammatical, lexical strnct~ral, ~nd tbeologi~l peculiarities of the _Fourth Gospel and of the Apocalypse, that there 1s a high probab1hty that they were wntten by the same pen. Seeing, then, that the external evidence for tbe authenticity of the Apocalypse is ex…
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the Church, by heretics and apologists, commentat•,rs and cr,pyiste, and by other well- known writer~, of this celebro.te<l document. They even admit that it may have been produced at a df\te when the son of Zebedce was still livin" and undn hiR influenc,• aud sanction, nnd even by bis pen ; but they regard it as a°doc…
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A. Ge11erol staf.e'Tn(!nt of disc1·epancies. On p!\l'siug from the atmosphere of the synoptic~, with their indubitable platform or Jewish rites and Gali\rean villages; with their genealogical details and birth-stories, with the Messianic idea of one born in llethlehem of the seed of David; with their portrai- tures…
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astounding aeeumptione of being the Light, the Life, the Bread, the Salvation, of the world. He speakH of intimate, organic, eternal identification of disciples with himself, o[ccted by Apirit,ml processes, and of the grace of the Comforter as abundantly satis- fying all the needs of the soul and of humanity. He dec…
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tradition. poi11t,s in the worcl "again" to the first departure from Judroa to Galilee which he had himself described, but of which the synoptists eairl nothing. In eh. v. J1•sus vi~its Jcn_1salem ~ta fe~t, encl there discusses t'ne law of the sabbath, and justi- fies, by the loftiest claims, h1s right to work cures…
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MRtt. :niii. 87 recor(ls (as Luke does in his enmmary of the jonrMy tow:uds .Jcrns:ilern T,uke xiii. 28, 31-34) the remarkable apostr,,phe, "0 ,Jerusalem," ~tc. ! In each of thes~ p1t~sages we have the startling phrase, Tio<Td.Ku ~eb,T/<Ta. i1r,<Tuva.yr1:y,iv .,&, .,,Kva. """; "llow often did I wish to gather thy child…
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meal on the evening of the 14th, but would have precluded th~ir participation in the chagigah ; that tbe various scenes of bearing the cross and of the Crucifixion were not impossible for Jews to have carried through on the day of holy convocatiL1n, because they mi~ht consider that the apprehension and crucifixion o…
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H the questi.m of the disciples was put on the mr,rnin.r, of the 14th, then harmony with John's nnrmtivo, EIS unrlerstool by Christian writers-rrom Clemens Alex. and Chrysostum to Li;!hlfoot, IlELur, Stmnss, Westcott, and Thoma-i~ impossible. But it is eminently probable thELt the question of the disciples and the an~w…
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the ch!ef, of the publicans-an. act which must have exasperated the prejudices of many of Clmst s follow~rs, and con~nbuted t? the bitterness of the Pharisaic ~arty; nor ought Luke to have om11 tcd the m1racle which Matthew recorrls (xii. 22, etc.) as the basis of the very solemn discourse the points of which are prese…
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1. The fads. 'l'he synoptists and John agrne in admitting that Jesus was born in Bethlehem (comp. eh. vii. 4.2 with Luke ii. and Matt. ii.), though this is disputed. Still, it appears to us perfectly clear that the evangelist records the supposed objection to the 11on-Bctblchem origin of Jesus, which had been refuted b…
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'l'wo celebrated signs of the Lord's supernatural power are recordeJ, not oaly by Job a, but by the synoptists, viz. Christ's feeding the five thousand aad walking on the sea (ob. vi. 1-21). '!'here are several additional traits thrown in, but the four recordE refer, without question, to the same fact, aad the excit…
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frequent rcfer<'nces to it in the synoptists. (d) Attention h1ts 1tlrel\dy been 1.nllcd to the apparent acqu11intnnce with the chamcter and power of tho Lord displayed by Peter in his first introdnct1on to him as narrated in Luke v. G (of. eh. iv. 38 with Matt. iv. 18; l\Iark i. 16, 29). These events are all illumin…
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doos he, who could transform water into wine for otherH, not smite the slopes of Gerizim, nud cause the running fountain to burst forth for his relief? The fourth evangelist records the alfocting incident that, for hie own refreshment from the misery of thirst, the Son of God asked an alien to supply his need. "He sait…
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glorying pride was sternly rC'pudill.tcd, it may hnve suggested a11othe1· wny of" suddenly C'Oming to that temple," ablaze with the mornl earnestness of one whose zeal consumed him. The profanation of the temple-courts by the huge market held thero for sacrificial beasts, nnd also for exchanging foreign coin wiLh th…
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The question nrieee-Does the Fourth Gospel record, at this particular epoch or Christ's life, any corresponding conflict with such n view of human affairs as that which the Divine Lord contemplated and indigmmtly rejected in his third temptation? (a) The cleansing of the temple was an emphatic repuclintion of any sacro…
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the climax of the prologue. Moreover, the Elijah of the new covcul\ut converses with his own disciph·s touching the mystery of Christ's sacrificial del\th, the decel\se which he would ncco~)plish l\t ~erusalem (eh. i. 29). J csus manifested his glory (..¾,v Bd{av .. ~.,oii) at Cana (eh. 11. 11; xn. 41). Nathanael wa…
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that, there is no lire in us. This principle being reiterated (eh. vi. 64-56), the Lord declit.res," He that c_atelh me" (an expression which enlarges and completes the previous st.at.ement) "shall hve because of m•." After the expansion nnd interpretation of the original thought, he returns back to it again: "'l'hi…
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victory over his own feelings, but Rn appropriate historic close to the sublime inter- cession of eh. xvii. According to Keim, if this account be historic, the synoptists' nnrrntive is utterly "pulverized." Let two or three ren;arks be allowed their fair weight. It is the method of this evangeli~t to make frequent, …
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The Apocalypse, with its promise of the Lord's return In ml\jesty to claim his own, to .iudge the dead, small and great, was the Johannine record of the A~censiou. Dut this is not all. Jesus is represented in the Gospel as in the fuluess of his Divine nnture boing in heaven. although accessible to men on earth. He c…
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1viii. 11 with Mr1tt. xxvi. 29; o.nd eh. 1viii. 20 with Mo.tt. xxvi. 55; anrl eh. xviii. 37 with Mo.tt. xxvil. 11. (4) The subtle indications of identity of character are not less wonderful.1 (a) The delicate &enRitiueness of Christ to the special and varied interests of those with whom he comes into contact meets UH …
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that wl1ich had beon said t-0 them of old time, followed by the nutithcsis between the highest forms of the Divine life and the heartless forms of the Pharisee, the publican nnd hypocrite, and the entire thunder-peal is brought to its final deliverance in the rhetorical climax. To our thinking, no one discourse in t…
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ie Indispensable, thnt judgment is the correlative of the offer of life, that those that do the truth come to the light. Again, in eh. v., in the great discourse to the authoritieR he asse1ts a sorics of claims based on hie unique relntion to the Father and to th~ universe, and in every possible variety of form this ex…
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The synoptists record the claim of our Lord to be the Bridegroom of the true th<'ooracy, lo fake the place which Jchm·nh does in haiah, Hosea, and Ezekiel (eee MRtt. ix. 14, 15, and parallels; Mark ii. 19, 20; Luke. v. 34, etc.). Moreover, some 01 his most striking parables, which compare the kingdom to a marriage o…
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Evon taking the eynoptist authorities alone, we see that events and friendships parallol nnd equivnlent to _thoRe wHh re~erence to N)codemus are not lacking. We have already obsorved that, while the synoptists are not ignorant of the visits to Jerusalem, they do not lay themselves out for any description or recital of …
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totypes of the earlier history of her race. The visit of Elisabeth to her, the marvellous accompaniments of her Child's birth, the visit of the shepherds, the song of the angels, and the pondering by Mary over these mysterious events, are recorded by Luke. The providential deliverance of the young Child and bis moth…
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. (b) 'l'he eyno~tio an<l _Johannine portrait~res of John the Baptist unquestionably d11Ier, but the pomte of divergence are consp1cuously due to the circumstance that the eynoptiste virtually close their account of John with the baptism of Jesus. The fourth evangelist commences his account of the "man sent from God"…
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fo~ fea~ at the ~ppar~ti?n of Jesus walking on the _sea, Peter, forerunning his Master, cned with most msufficient self-knowledcre (Matt. xiv. 28) " If it be thou, bid ma oomo to thee upon the water;" the permissio1~ rather than the' command (lMl) led hlm to demonstrate that his little faith was soon the occasion of…
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no sooner grasps the meaning, as he thinks, than he gives his Lord some further sua- gesti?ns: "_Not my feet only, but also !IlY bands an~ my bead." There is the same hurry and 1mpuls1veness, the se.me blunderrng forward rnto rebuke and fresh light. After thi~, Peter, irrepressible as ever, suggests to the beloved d…
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Now, thC'ugh the fourth evangelist does not describe the scene before 01\inpbns as givon in the BJ:nop1ists, h~_!mplies that the ~ourt had come to a pseudo-decision, and hnd taken legal action (eh. xvm. 35), had "delivered" Jesus to the Romnn power, that it micrht c-xecut.c the ecclesiastical verdict. Moreover, ther…
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'l'IIE Jgws." It was thus in all the narratives-Matthew especially emphasizes it-- the.t we see how Pile.ta chuckled over the satire which took the edge off the pleasure which the priestly party found as they gloated over their vile revenge. We have the same Pilato in e.11 four Gospels, e.nd the materie.ls in which Joh…
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bupplicd by the synoptists that Jesus was, by some of his hearers, more clearly appre- hended as the months rolled on, but at the first he was hailed from heaven as "the beloved Son, in whom the Father is well ple11Sed." There is scarcely anything moro explicit., nwrc allied to the crown of imperial majesty, than th…
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In tono and. sugges~ion wiL~ that which occurs in the Fourth Gospel. This sing lo textual fact IS sulfic1ent to dispose of large part of the al!eD"ation. 0 It h~s been said," Instead_ of saying tha.t God crealed the world, as the synoptists do, a kmgdom of darkness exists from the beginning under the dominion of th…
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fate, God, or the ,leYil (see eh. v. 39, 40, H, 47; see Godet's admirl\blo discussion, 'Intronuction,' vol. i. 182, etc.). We 11re here concerned with the relation of the Fourth Gospel to the synoptio three, and cannot do other than come to the conclusion that there is nothing in the contents of the synoptic Gospels t…
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must go further, ond any that in no cnse can we suppose that he preserved totidem verbis tho whole of the discourso or conversations. The interview with Nicodemus lasted longer thnn five minutes; the debate in the fifth chapter more than ten minntes; tho sharp controversies of eh. vi.-x. can only be given in outline. D…
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1,.9..,-/,.,, eh. xii. 4-8. lrrr3/a.,,..o.,, ob. :dli. 26; 111a.,,_., J. ,l;\l\o.x&9•v, eh. x. 1. R.T. &.Uoµ,u, eh. iv. 14. B. /,roupJ.v,os, eh. iii. 12. a>..71..&.,.p,os, oh. x. 5. ho,,..&(.,, eh. xiv. 2, 8. s. /1µ,r•l\os, eh. xv. 1, 4, 5. 8., excepting fro,p.os, eh. vii. 6. J. [dvaµ&pn1.,.os, eh. viii. 7 (cf Lu.…
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Rom. xv. 25. John's notion of (wf, almost requires the present tense (eh. iii. 36; v. 26). Notwithstanding the urgency with which Winer maintains the telic force of fva throughout the New Testament, in many places where fva can and must be limited to a simple apposition, or to what Canon Evans felicitously terms "a co…
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'l'here appears to ue ecarcely an idea or uU,erance for which some basis mi"ht not be foun<l in the utterances of the synoptists, O!' in the obvious and intense ~n- victione of the Apoetle Paul and those to whom he wrote. The point really raised is- Are these ideas presented to us in their primitive form as they verita…
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IX. THE TEACHING OF THE FoUBTH GosPEL. Numerous hypotheses touching the occasion of the production of the Gospel vanish if the main thesis which has been sustained throughout the foregoing pages be proved. We a.re brought back from the agitations of Gnostic heresy to earlier struggles. The speculations a.re less co…
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avouched or implied in our Lord's words (eh. v. 37). This reduces the theophanies of the Old Testo.ment to something less than they were supposed to establish. They are a.lung the line of Divine manifestations, b11t he himself was witness of far more than patriarch or prophet over beheld. The representation, however, i…
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Gospel and Epistles. In a sense, and to R degree never before realized on earth or expressed in literature, do we come face to face with One whose God-consciousness wns veritnbl~- expressl'd by the epithet, "the Father," "my I•'ather." Christ is not merely the Expression of the ineffable One, and "the Image of the i…
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life nnd the light of the world, becnuse both the Life and Light of God. He was ever- more coming like light into the darkness of humanity, like life into the soul of man. He came in many ways to his own. He gave power (l!auafa) to those who believed on his Name "to become sons of God." Although the Father sent him, co…
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.