HAZAR-SHUAL (H''=' -P^n).— A place in S. Judah (Jos 15-''=1 Ch 4''') or Simeon (Jos 19'), repeopled by Jews after the CaptiWty, Neh 11-''. It may be the ruin S'tiu-i on a hill E. of Beersheba. See SIVP vol. iii. sli. xxiv.
HAZAR-SUSAH (i;fD-nsn, in 1 Ch 4" Hazar-susim c-cia-Tj-). — A city in Simeon, .los 19°= 1 Cli 4"'. The name means ' horse- village,' and is noticed along with Beth-marcaboth, 'place of chariots.' These places were apparently in the southern plain, and were no doubt stations of a cavalry force, probablj' Egj-ptian. The sites are unknown. There is a ruin Siu-in, AV. of Beersheba. See SUT vol. iii. sh. xxiv.
C. K. CONDER.
HAZAR-SUSIM.— See Hazar-susah.
HAZAZON TAMAR (-itn [i-sn. ' Hazazon of the palm-tree') is iiuiitioned in Gn 14' as inhabited by Amorites, and as destroyed, along with En-inishpat (Kadesh) and the Amalekite country, by Chedor- laomer. In 2 Ch 20' it is i<lentitied with En-geiii aa the ba.sis for an invading army from Edom (so read instead of Syria). Josephus [Ant. IX. i. 2), speaking of this campaign, says the invaders pitched at En-gedi, where grow the best kind of palm-tree and the oi><>balsamum.
Most probably the words preserve the older name of En-gedi (which see), and may still survive in the IKai/y Husaseh, N.W. from 'Ain Jidy (Engedi). See Rob. i. 506; G. A. Smith, Hist. Geogr. 271. Jerome {Quitst. in Gen.) translates the name urbs pnlmnrtim, which (cf. Jo.s. supra) suggests a c<mipaiison with that ' city of palm- trccs'outof which (Jj; 1") the Kenite clan went up with Judah, In that case it may have been this Konite settlement on the rocky nest of En-ge<li which Balaam saw from the heights of Moab, and to which he referred (Nu 24-'). G. A. Smith suggests [Hi.it. Geiiqr. p. 26911.) that here we must look for the 'tamar of 1 K 9" (Kethilih) and Ezk 47'» 48=».
It is, however, possible that Hazazon-tamar may be, not Engedi, but the Tamar of Ezekiel, and that the latter lay S.W. of the Demi Sea, In that case Jg 1'" may mean that the Kenites, entering Pales- tine by tlie south, joined the invading .ludahitos on the" south of Arad. A. C. Welch,
HAZEL (iiWiij, Kafujof, ctmijgdniiu). — This won!, tr" in AV /ifuel (Gn 30"), is better rendered KV
314
HAZER-HATTICON
HAZOR
almond, for ( 1 ) the word nS is the same in form as tlie Arab, lauz, which signifies alnumd ; (2) the hazel does not grow in Mesopotamia, where Laban lived, wliile tlie almond is universal. The objection that there is another name np»' sluVcid for almond is not decisive, as many plants and aiiliiiuls have two or more names. G. E. Post.
HAZER-HATTICON (p-m tvij 'the middle Hazer'). — A pl.ice named amongst the boundaries of (ideal) Israel, Ezk 47". It is described as 'by the border of Ilauran.' If the MT be correct, Hazer-liatticon is quite unknown ; but there can be no rea.'^onable doubt that we ou>;ht, with Siiiend, Cornill, Bertholet, etc., to emend to Hazar-enon as in vv."- '" and 48'. Wetzstein, indeed, proposes [ZKW (1884) V. 114] to identify Hazer-liatticon with ^adar to the north of Jebel Druze, ' at the foot of the eastern corner of Hermon.' See further, Davidson, Ezckiel, p. 352.
HAZERIM (D->sri; A(T7j5cJ9, AF A<ri)p<.J9).— Men- tioned in AV of Dt 2^ as the locality in which the AvviM (wh. see) dwelt 'as far as Gaza.' There is no doulit that the word is not really a proper name, but that it sliould be rendered (as it is in RV) by villages. The clause describes how the Avvim dwelt, until they were e.xpelled by the imuii'Tant Caphtorim (or Philistines) ; they did not dwell in fortified cities, but in villages, or unwallcd settlements (Lv 25"), consisting, prob- ably, of rudely -built huts of mud or stone, roofed with leaves or grass. Villages are usually men- tioned as the dependencies of towns (e.g. Jos 13-'') ; but sometimes a particular tribe is characterized as inhabiting them, as Gn 25" (Ishmaelites), Is 42" ( Kedar) ; and according to this archaeological notice, the Avvim, or original occupants of a part of S.W. Palestine, dwelt in them similarly.
S. R. Driver.
HAZEROTH (nbsq ; Ao-iypoJe).— A station of the Israelites in the wilderness, mentioned both in Nu U" 12'» (JE) and in the itinerary 33" (P),— in the latter ac the second station after leavin" Sinai (the first bemg ^^ibroth-hatta'avah). Burckhardt (Syria, 1822, p. 495) suggested tentatively (' per- haps ') that it might be 'Ain el-9uderah, about 40 miles N.E. of Jebel Mtlsa, and not quite half-way between Jebel Mflsa and'Akabah; and this iden- tification has been accepted by many subsequent writers, as Robinson, BIP i. 151 ; Ewald, Hist. ii. 191 ; Stanley, Sin. and Pal. 81 f. (though not very confidently) ; Palmer, Desert of the H anderings, 260-262 (cf. 313 f.), etc. ; Dillm., however (on Nu 11^), hesitates. All things considered, the identi- fication seems fairly probable. The site is most fully described by Palmer (with an illustration).* It lies a little to the left of the main route from Jebel Mflsa to 'AJjabah, which here, after leaving the Wady Sa'al, passes through a sandy plain (in the midst of which is a conspicuous eminence, called Hudeibat el-5ajjrij, or the Pilgrims' Hill), prior to entering the \\ ady Ghuzaleh. Ascending for about 10 minutes from the camel track in this plain, the traveller reaches a cleft or gorge in the limestone rock, through which he looks down (towards the N.W.) upon the Wady Huderah, wind- ing along between fantastic, brilliantly-coloured sandstone clifi's, with a ' forest of mountain peaks and chains ' beyond, and ' on tlieir left a broad white wady leading up towards the distant moun- tains of the Tib.' In the middle of the Wady Huderah, beneath a lofty clifl', lies the dark green palm-grove of 'Ain H"4erah, with the fountain rising in the rock behind. The water from the