b. Anamim, a nation as }-et not identified.
c. Lehabim, no doubt the same as the Lubim or Libyans mentioned in later places of Scripture as al- lies or mercenaries contributing to the armies of the Pharaohs, and supporting or dependent on Egj'pt as a race in very close relations. Thej' correspond to the Eebu or Lebu of the Egj-ptian inscriptions, western neighbors of Egypt, conquered by the kings of the 19th and 20th dynasties.
d. Xaphtuhim strikingly resembles the Coptic name of the westernmost part of Lower Egypt, the territory of the city Marea, probably the older ^Mareotic nome Niphaint or Nlphaiad, a plural form commencing with the definite article ni.
e. Patla-usim, a tribe of which the territorj', "the country of Pathros," is mentioned in later places. The latter has been compared with the Egyptian Pathyrite or Phaturite Nome ; in Coj)tic papiloures, papithourcs ; in ancient Egyptian pa-hat-her ; the chief objection to whicii identification is, that the geographical impor- tance of the name seems scarcely sufiicient.
y. Casluliim, not as yet identified.
ff. t'aphtorim, and the land of Caphtor, have given rise to nuicii discussion. Poole has proposed as the equivalent of Caphtor the ancient Egyjitian name of Coptos, Kebtit, Kkbta, Kebher, probably pronounced Kubt, Kabt, Kebthor, the -Coptic Keff, Kepto, Kepto, KebiO, Gr. Kotttoc, Arab. Ku//, and ventured to com- pare A"tyvTrTo<; with "lins? IN. See Caphtor. It
must be remembered that the city Coptos, or its nome, has given its name to the whole nation of Egyptians, wlio were known as Copts b}' the Arabs at the time of the conquest. But good reasons have been urged in favor of Cyprus, especially the circumstance of the Philistine migration.
a. Philistim.— The Philistines are here said to have come forth from the Casluhim ; elsewhere they are called Caphtorim, and said to have come out of Caph- tor. It is not allowable to read that the Philistim and Caphtorim came from the Casluhim. Perhaps there is a transposition in the text. The origin of the Phil- istines from a ilizraite stock is a very important fact for the explanation of the list.
3. Phut. — In later places, Put or Phut occurs as the name of an African country' or nation, closely connect- ed with Egypt, like the Lubim. It may be compared with those geographical names in the ancient Egyptian inscriptions in which the element pet, "the bow," occurs. Nubia was called the " bow-land," tu-pet, where it is usual to read tu-kexs, but the bow has not the sound kens elsewhere ; and it is probable that a part of Nubia was called Kens, and that the bow was written as a determinative symbol to show that Kens was included in " the bow-land;" but the question is full of difficulties. See Phut.
4. Canaan, in Gen. ix (18, 22, 25, 2G, 27), is distinctly mentioned as the son of Ham. It has l)een thought that his name means the "degraded," "the subdued" man, "the lowlander," for both senses are possible. See Canaan.
a. Sidon, " the first-born" of Canaan, like Heth, im- mediatelj' following, is a proper name, whereas all the remaining names are gentile nouns in the singular. Sidon is thought to signify " the fishing-place," so that the name of the place would seem here to be put for that of the founder, "the fisherman," 'AXievQ of Sanchoniathon or Philo of Byblus. But it must be noticed that the next name, Heth, is treated in later places as that of a man. The position of the Sidoni- ans, like that of most of the Canaanitish tribes, need not here be described.
b. Heth, ancestor of the " Children of Heth," or Hittites, a very important nation of Palestine and Syria. There are indications in Scripture of Hittites out of Palestine, and the ancient Egyptians warred with the Kheta in the valley of the Orontes, whose names show that they spoke a Shemitie language. The Eg3'ptian monumental representations show that their armies were composed of men of two races, the one apparentl}" Shemite in type, the other beardless, and resembling tlio Tatar type. See Hittite.
c. The Jebusite, d. Amorite, e. Girgasite (properly Girgashite), /. Hivite, all inhabitants of Palestine ; but the Amorite, like the Hittite nation, seems to have had a wider extension, for the territory in which stood Ketesh, the great stronghold of the Kheta on the Orontes, is called in Egyptian "the land of Amar" (Brugsch, Geoff}-. Inschr. ii, p. 21, 22, pi. xviii, 44,47).
g. The Arkite, compared with the Phoenician town of Area.
h. The Sinite, not satisfactorily identified. Perhaps one of their settlements may be traced in Sin or Pelu- sium.
i. The Arvadite, no doubt the people of Aradus. The derivation from "I^"l, with the sense " wandering," "place of fugitives," is in accordance with the tradi- tion referred to by Strabo, who says that Aradus was built by Sidonian fugitives (xvi, 2, 13, 14). Aradus was a Phoenician city.
;. The Zemarite, coiijecturally traced in the town Simyra, which has nothing to recommend it but its neighborhood to Arka and Aradus.
k. The Hamathite, well known to have been seated in Upper Syria, where Hamath, on the Orontes, was long a capital of an important kingdom.
ETHNOLOGY
341
ETHNOLOGY
Ethnograpliic Map of the World according to Moaes.
VI. Descendants o/Shem, or Shemites: