"Hutchinson's philological and exegetical views found numerous followers, who, without constituting a doctri- nal sect, came to be distinguished as ' Hutchinsonians.' In their number they reckoned several distinguished divines in England and Scotland, both of the Establish- ed Church and of Dissenting communities. Among the most eminent of these were bishop Home, and his biog- rapher, Mr. William Jones ; INIr. Romaine, and J\Ir. Julius Bates, to whom the duke of Somerset, on the nomination of INIr. Hutchinson, presented the living of Sutton, in Sussex; Mr. Parkhurst, the lexicographer; Dr. Hodges, provost of Oriel; and Dr. Wetheroll, master of Univer- sity College, Oxford; jNIr. HoUoway, author oi Letter and Spirit; and jMr. Lee, author of Sophron, or Nature's Char- acteristics of Truth. The principles of INIr. Hutchinson are still entertained by many divines without their pro- fessing to be followers of Mr. Hutchinson, but the num-
ber of professing Hutchinsonians is now very small." See Enrjlish Cyclop, s. v. ; Jones of Noyland, Worlcs, vols, iii and xii; Bishop Home, TCorivs, vol. vi (ed. 1809); Bate, Defence of Hutchinson (Lond. 1751, 8vo) ; Spearman, A h- stract of Hutchinson^ s Works (Edinb. 1755, 12mo) ; Kit- to, Bill. Cyclop, ii, 345.
Hutchinsonianism. See Hutciiinsox, John, 2.
Hutten, Ulkich von, a German knight and Re- former, was born April 20 (or 22), 1488, at Castle Steck- elberg, in Hesse-Cassel, and entered the monastery of Fulda in 1498, intending to become a monk, but fled in 1504 to Erfurt, where he continued his theological stud- ies for a while. In 1505 he went to Cologne, and the following year to Frankfort on the Oder, where the new university had recently been established. Here he ap- plied himself to the study of philology and poetry. From Frankfort he went to Greifswald, and aftervvards to Rostock, where lie lectured on philosophy. In 1510 he went to Wittenberg, and thence to Vienna, where he remained luitil 1512. He afterwards visited Pavia and Bologna, studied law, and devoted himself particularly to the humanities and poetry. What he saw in Italy had the effect of making him an enlightened opponent of popery. Later he joined the army of the emperor Maximilian, and returned to Germany in 1517. Taking part in Reuchlin's quarrel against the Dominicans of Cologne, he wrote against the state of the Romish Church, and particularly against the pontiff. Bolder, and more open in the expression of his opinions than most men of his age, he did much to prepare the way for the Reformation, though he sympathized with Lu- ther only in his attack upon the pope, his great aim being not so much to change the Church as to free Germany from the tyranny of which popery was the basis. In 1522 he niade an alliance Avith Franz von Sickingen, who was chosen chief of the nobility of the LTpper Rhine at Landau. In that year, as the German princes did not approve of Sickingen's plan of freeing Germany from the Romish rule, he appealed to the States, and endeavored to make them side with the no- bility against the princes. But Sickingen succumbed in 1523, and Hutten vras obliged to flee from Germany, In Switzerland, his former friend Erasmus withdrew from him, and the Council of Zurich drove him out of their territory. He then retired to the island of Ufnau, on the lake of Zurich, where he died. Aug. 29, 1523. Hutten has been very variously juilgcd, according to the different stand-points of liis critics; vet it is certain that he was honest in his convictions, and, though not a partisan of the Reformation from any religious feel- ing, he did all he could to free his native land from the subjection to the papacy. For that end he gave Luther all the aid in his poAver. He was one of the au- thors of the greater ])art of the Bpistolw ohsciii-orum vi- 7-orum. and most of his writings were satires against the pope, the monks, and the clergy. Several editions of his works have been published; the principal are Mimch's (Berlin, 1821-23, 6 vols.) and Ed. Bocking's (Lpz. 1859 sq., 7 vols.). See Epistolte U. ah Hutten ad R. Crocum (Leipzig, 1801) ; Bocking, Ein Verzeicliniss der Schriftcn Hutten's, Index hibliograjMcus Ihittenianus (Leipz. 1858) ; Schubart, Bioffraphie (Lpz. 1791) ; Tis- cher, Biographie (Lpz. 1803) ; Panzer, Ulrich von Hut- ten, in literarischer Hinsicht (Nlirnburg, 1798) ; Giess, //. V. sein Zeitalter (1813) ; E. von Brunnow, Vlrich von H. (Lpz. 1842, 3 vols.) ; Biirck, Ulrich v. H. (Dresden u. Lpz. 1846) ; David Friedrich Strauss, Vlrich v. //. (Lpz. 1857, 2 vols.) ; Revue GennaniquefMarch, 1858; Eclectic Rerieio (Lond.), July, 1858, p. 54 sq. ; Pierer, Universal Ze.r/ytow, vol. viii; Hase, Ch. History, § 314. Ulrich von Hutten, transl. from ChaufFour-Kestner's Etudes sur les Reformateurs du 16""' si'ecle, by A. Young (Lond. 1863) ; Lecky, Hist, of Rationalism, ii, 188 ; Hardwick, Refor- mation, p. 32 sq. ; National Magazine, 1868, p. 243 sq. ; Loiul Quart. Rev. 1857 (April) ; 1867 (April).
Hutter, Elias, a German Hebraist, was bom at
HUTTER
427
HYACINTIIUS
Gorlitz ill 1554, stiuUed the Oriental languages in the universities of Jena and Leipzig, and became in 1579 Hebrew teacher of the elector August of Saxony. He next resided successively in different parts of Germany, set up a printing establishment in Nuremberg, and final- ly retired to Augsburg, where he died (others say he died at Frankfort) in 1605. His reputation as a lin- guist he established by editing several Polyglot Bibles. The first of them, Opus qiuulripartitiim Script. Sacra (Hamb. 15'JG), contained the O.T. in Hebrew and three otlier versions. In 1599 lie published at Nuremberg the New Test, in twelve different versions, and in 1002 his Nov. Test. Ifarmon. Ebr. Gr. Lat. et Germ. At present, liowever, Hutter's works are more curious than useful. Among them is a Hebrew Bible in remarkably bold and large letter, in which the sereiles are distinguished by hollow type, and the defective radicals interlined in small characters, as in Bagster's edition of the Psalms. — Picrer, Uiiir. Lex. viii, 040 sq. ; Kitto, Biblical Cyclop, ii, 34G.