Hutter, Leonhard, a German Lutheran theolo- gian, was born at Nellingen, near Ulm, in January, 1563, studied philosophy, philology, and theology at Stras- burg, Leipzig, Heidelberg, and Jena ; became private tu- tor in the latter university in 1594, and in 1596 professor at AVittenberg, where he died, Oct. 23, 1616. He was a zealous upholder of Lutheran orthodoxy. His Compen- dium locorum theolor/icorum (Wittenb. 1610, etc.), pre- pared by order of the elector Christian, took the place of Jlclancthon's Loci as a text-book, and was translated into several languages (into German by Holstcnius [Liib. 1611], and liy Hutter himself [1613, etc.] into Swedish [Stock. 1618 ]), and commented on by Cundis- ius (Jena, 1648, etc.), Glassius (1656), Chemnitz (1670), Lachmann (1690), etc. It has lately been reproduced by Hase under the title Iliitlerus i-edivints (Berl. 1854), and translated into English, under the title of Compeml of Lutheran Thcolor/i/, by the Rev. H. E. Jacobs and the Kev. G. F. Spieker (Phila. 1868, 8vo). He carried out the Compendium further in his l^od communes theolog. (Wittenb. 1619, fol., etc.). He also wrote against .John Sigismund of Brandenburg, who had embraced Calvin- ism, his Calviiiista aulico-politicus (Wittenb. 1609-14, 2 vols.), and against Hospinian's Concordia discors another ■work, entitled Concordia concors (Wittenb. 1614). His other writings are I)e Voluntate Dei circa cetemum prm- destinalionis salrandorum Decretum (Wittenb. 1605, 4to) : — Explicatio libri Christiance concordantice (Wittenberg, 1608, 8vo; twice reprinted) : — Lrenicum vere ChrisHa- num, sive t7-acfatus de synodo et unione evanrjelicorum iwn fncata concilianda (Rost. 1616, 4to; 1619, folio), against the plan of fusion between the Lutheran and Reformed churches of Parens, and especially against the latter's Lrenicum. See J.CErdmami, Lebensbesch. u. Literarische Nachricht. v. d. Wittenberg Theolor/en seit 1502 his 1802 (Wittenberg, 1804) ; Bayle, Diet. Hist. ; J. G. Walch, Bibl. Theologica Selecta ; Hoefer, Xouv. Biorj. Generale, xxv, 655 ; Univ. Zex. i, 376 ; Hook, Eccles. Biog. vi, 238.
Hutton, Jajies, a preacher of the Moravian Breth- ren, was born in London in 1715. He was the son of a clergyman, and served an apprenticeship to a printer and a bookseller; but, coming under the influence of IMr. Wesley's preaching, he was awakened, and was con- verted uniler the labors of the distinguished jMoravian, Peter Blihler. Soon after his conversion he visited the brethren at Hernhut, and became a devoted disciple and servant of count Zinzendorf, under whose direction he henceforth devoted all his time and energy to the unity of the ^Moravian brotherhood in England. "His counsel and aid were afforded it in all its complicated plans of government and projects of usefulness ; he held, as years rolled on, every lay office in it, and preached and ministered as a deacon ; he was the soul of its mis- sionar}' labors as a ' society for the furtherance of the Gospel;' he defended it in its distresses; helped it by his energy and skiU tlirough all its heavy fuiancial em-
barrassments; travelled for it over Europe ; and, towards the close of his life, became, as it were, its representative to the court and people of England." He died in 1795. Hutton was a man of groat piety and indomitable ener- gy. The history of the Moravian Brethren in the sec- ond half of the ISth century is eminently the history of his own hfe. See Memoirs of James JIutton, compris- ing the anmds of his life, and connexion with the United Brethren, by Daniel Beiiham (Lond. 1856, 8vo) ; Lund. Qu. Rev. viii, 239 sq.
Huyghens, Gumjiahus, a Roman CathoUc theo- logian and philosopher, was born at Liere or Lyre (Bra- bant) Feb. 1631. When only twenty-one years of age he was appointed professor of philosophy at Louvain, and here he distinguished himself greatly. Li 1668 he was honored with the doctorate of theology, and in 1677 was made president of the college of pojie Adrian VI. He died at Louvain Oct. 27, 1702. Huyghens wrote a number of works, of which the best are Conferentias the- ologicas,'\\\ 3 vols.; Breves observat.,or a course of di- vinity, in 15 vols. 12mo. As he refused to favor the pe- culiar views of some of the French moralists, and opposed the celebrated four articles of the French clergj' (1682), he was involved in gieat controversies. — ioch^r, A llgem. Gclehrten Lex. ii, 1794 ; Hook, Eccles. Biog. vi, 239. (J. H. W.)
Huz (Gen. xxii, 21). See Uz.
Husoth. See Kirjath-huzoth.
Huz'zab (Hebrew Hutstsab', HSlTI), rendered as a proper name in the Auth. Version of Nali. ii, 7, is either Hoph. prret. of 3^3, to place firmly, and so the clause may be translated, "And it is fixed! she is led away captive," i. e. the decree is confirmed for the overthrow of Nineveh (so the margin, and most interpreters ; see Lud. de Dieu ; the Sept. and Vulg. both confound with 32^, Kai >'/ vTTOGTaaiQ [mihtary station] c'nreicaXvfBi], et miles captivus abductus est; the Talmud and Hebrew interpreters, confounding with S^ri, render " the queen sitting on her couch") ; or, rather, of 32:^, to fou\ bj' Chaldaism, and the meaning will then be (with tJese- nius, Thes. Ileb. p. 1147, who joins the word to the last of the preced. verse), " the palace shall be dissolved and made to flow doicn," i. e. the palaces of Nineveh, inunda- ted and undermined by the waters of the Tigris, shall dissolve and fall in ruins (comp. Diodorus, ii, 26). jMr. Rawlinson supposes {Herod, i, 570, note) that Huzzab may mean " the Zab comitrj'," or the fertile tract east of the Tigris, watered by the Upper and Lower Zab riv- ers {Zab Ala and Zab Asfal), the A-diah-mh of the geographers. This pro\ance — the most valuable part of Assyria— might well stand for Assma itself, with which it is identified by PUny {Hist. Nat. v, 12) and Ammianus (xxiii, 6). The name Zah, as applied to the rivers, is certainly very ancient, being found in the great inscripti(jn of Tiglath Pileser I, which belongs to the middle of the 12th century B.C. ; but in that case the name would hardly be written in Heb. with 'S.