Mansus Ecclesiae. Mansns is in reality equiv- alent to hints, iibi qiiis jianet, the residence including (lie portion of land belonging to it (Jnioho), and both expressions are sometimes used the one for the other (see Du Fresne, s. v.; Gnmm, Deutsche Rcchtsalterlhii- vier, p. 53t); ICichhorn, Deutsche Rechtsr/eschichte, vol. i, § 84 ; Guerard, /'o/i/pliqiie de Vahbe Irminon [Paris, 1844, 4to]). Birnbaum. in J He rechtliche Xafur der Zchnten (Bonn, 1831 ),p. 174, is of opinion that the word nuinsus is derived from maniiinissio or mancipium, from the slaves in early times becoming free in obtaining an estate, a vKinsus hei-editdrius. But, putting aside the philolog- ical difficulties, we find that the mansi were properties
with which serfs (^glehoi adscripti) or even freemen ^^'ere invested on some conditions, hence the distinction be- tween rnansi serriks and ingcniiiles (Grimm, p. 537 ; iMchhorn, vol. i, § 83). In the 9th century the whole of F" ranee was divided into mansi, as the taxes Avere based on this division, as well as the obligation to military service (see Capitulare, i, a. 803, c. 1, a. 807, 811 ; Pertz, ]\[onumenta Germanice, iii, 119, 172; Walter, Corpus ju- ris Germanici, ii, 228 ; Hincmari Eemensis A nnules, ad a. 8G6, 877). The Church itself was not free from these taxes, but paid according to the number of mansi it held (see Capitul.Aquisgran. a. 812, cap. 11; Pertz, iii, 175: " Ut de rebus unde censum ad partem regis exire sole- bat, si ad aliquam ecclesiam traditie sunt, aut tradantur propriis heredibus, aut qui eas retinuerit, vel ilium cen- sum persolvat"), with the exception of those which they held from the liberality of the king, and which were given with such immunities ; as also the mansi forming the dos of a church, and given to it at its foundation. See lAtMUNiTY. In this case the immunity covered the whole mansus (inansus inieger'), and it became the duty of the incumbents to see to it that their privilege was not infringed (see Ciqntulare Wormatiense, a. 829, cap. generalia. no. 4 ; Pertz, iii, 350). This principle was also adhered to afterwards, so that both Gratian (see c. 24, 25, can. xxiii, qu. viii) and Kaymondr.s a I'ennaforte (c. i, X, de censibus, iii, 39) considered it well to recall these enactments. The size of the mansus did not always re- main the same ; yet it was at all times calculated so as to afford a dos competens to the church, the income from which would be sufficient to defray the expenses of wor- ship and to supply the greater part of the requisites of the clergy (see Ziegler, De dote ecclesiastica ejusqueju- ribus et pririlegiis [Wittemb. 1686, 4to], chap, vii, § 34 sq.). If we study the history of the establishment of Christianity in the different countries, we find that many adopted these principles of the French law. Thus in Prussia, at the foundation of churches, they were each endowed with eight hides of land. In 1232 we see the parishes of Kulm and Thorn receiving besides forty hides. When in 1249 peace was made with the hea- then Prussians, a stipidation required that each new church should receive a dos of eight hides (see Voigt, Gesch. Preussens, ii, 239, 630). The later documents on the subject (see Voigt, Codex diplomaticus Prussicus') show that this custom was observed in after times. This practice of church endowments was continued not- withstanding the changes introduced by the Keforma- tion. See Jacobson, Gesch. der Quellen d. evangelischen Kirchenrechts von Preussen, i, 2, Urkunden, p. 8, 25, etc. ; MosQT, Allgem. Kirchenhl. 1856, p. 141 sq..; Berlin i'l-ffwy. Kirchenzeit. 1857, No. 9 ; Herzog, Real-Encyklopiddie, ix, 1. (J. N. P.)
Mant, Richard (1), D.D., an English prelate and commentator, was born at Southampton in 1776; was educated at Winchester College, and Trinity College, Oxford; became feUow of Oriel College in 1798; vicar of Great Coggeshall, Essex, in 1810; of St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate, London, in 1815; and of East Horsley, Surrey, in 1818; bishop of Killaloe and Kilfenora, in 1820 ; was translated to Down and Connor in 1823 ; and in 1842 succeeded bishop Saurin in the diocese of Dro- more. He died in 1848. He published, in conjunction with D'Oyly, An Edition of the Bible, with Notes (1817) : — Eight ^ei-7nons : — An Appeal to the Gospel, or an In- quiry into the Justice of the Charge that the Gospel is not preached by the National Clergy (1812, 8vo; 6th et^ 1816, 8vo; reviewed in the Lond. Quart. Rev. \i\\, 356- 374, and xv, 475) : — The Book of Common Pi-ayer, se- lected, with Notes (1829, 4to; abridged, 2 vols. Svo; 5th ed. 1840, 4to) :—The Book of Psalms in an English Met- rical Version, with Notes, critical and Uluslratice (1824, 8vo): — Biographical Notices of the Apostles, Evangel- ists, and other Saints (1828, Svo): — Piimitire Christian- ity (Lond. 1843, 8vo) :—l]ist. Ch. of Ireland {\»AQ, 2 vols. 8vo): — Horm liturgicce (1845, sm. 8vo) : — Sermons, and other productions on various subjects. See Allibone,
MANT
-r
MANTLE
Diet. Brit, and A mer. Biog. s. v. ; Darling, Cijclop. Bib- Vwfjr. s. V.
Mant, Richard (2), D.D., an English divine, who flourished in tlie latter part of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century; was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, and became rector of All Saints, Southampton. He died in 1817. He published a sermon entitled Puh- lic Worship (1796, 8vo) : — Order for the Visitation of the Sick, from the Book of Common Prayer (1805, 12mo) : — Ei'jht Sermons on the Occurrences of the Passion Weeh (1807,r2mo) : — Guide to the Understanding of the Church Catechism (1807). — Allibone, Diet. Brit, and A mer. A uth. s. V.